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1
Q

Estimating upper limit of Pedi RR:

A

= Age# - 40

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2
Q

Pedi Normal Urine output:

A

1-2ml/kg/Hr urine output

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3
Q

<1Yr pulse check @

A

Carotid

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4
Q

A surgical cricothyrotomy is contraindicated in patients less than

A

less than 8 years old

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5
Q

Adults vocal cords @
Pedi Vocal cords @

A

C4 - 5
C2 - 3

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6
Q

Age & French Suction Catheter Size) Up to 1 year:
1 to 6 years:
7 to 15 years:
16 years:

A

= 8
= 8-10
= 10-12
= 12

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7
Q

Child BVM bag vol/
Infant BVM bag vol/

A

= 800mL
= 300mL

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8
Q

Croup Med dosing:

A

RaceEpi) 2.25% 0.5mL + 4mLs of NS Nebulized
Epi 1:1) 1mL w/ 4mL NS Nebulized
Epi 1:10) 5-10mLs of Epi (no dilution) Nebulized

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9
Q

Croup vs Epiglottitis) Temp
Usually occurs @:
Common age:

A

=(C)Low fever101-2 (E)High fever 102-4
=(C)Before bed (E) in Morning/middle of night
=(C)6Mns - 4Yrs (E) 3Yrs - 7Yrs

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10
Q

Cuffed ET:
Indications:
Monometer cuff
Usually start at:

A

(Age /4) + 3.5
= Increased pulmonic P} Anaphylaxis, Burn, drown
= never over 30 mmHg
= 6.0 ~1st

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11
Q

Dextrose Pediatric Dosing

Conversion) D50 to D25:
D50 to D10:

A
  • Neonate (<2 months): D10W, 5-10 mL/kg IV
  • Infant (2Mn-2Yrs): D25W, 2-4 mL/kg IV
  • Child (>2Yrs): D50W, 1-2 mL/kg IV
    = Dilute by a factor of 2 (add equal Vol of fluid)
    = Dilute by a factor of 5 (add 4x Vol of fluid)
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12
Q

Estimate pedi weight:

A

(age X 3) +7=Kg <New>
(age +4) x2=Kg <Old></Old></New>

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13
Q

Infant to 1 year)ETT Size:
Type:
Depth of ETT Insertion:
Laryngoscope Blade Size:

A

3.5–4.0
Uncuffed
9.5–11.0 cm
1 straight

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14
Q

ETT) Premature (1–2.5 kg; 2.2–5.5 lb*)
Neonate (2.5–4 kg; 5.5–8.8 lb)
6 Months (6–8 kg; 13.2–17.
1–4 Years (10–14 kg; 22–30.8 lb)
5 Years (16–18 kg; 35.2–39.6 lb)
5–10 Years (24–30 kg; 52.8–66 lb)

A

= 2.5–3.0 (uncuffed) formula
3.0–3.5 (uncuffed) formula
3.5–4.0 formula
4.0–4.5 formula
5.0–5.5 formula
5.5–6.5 formula

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15
Q

Laryngoscope blade) Premature
Neonate
6 Months
1–4 Years
5 Years
5–10 Years

A

0 (straight)
1 (straight)
1 (straight)
1–2 (straight)
2 (straight or curved)
2–3 (straight or curved)

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16
Q

French Suction/Stylet) Premature (1–2.5kg; 2.2–5.5 lb)
Neonate (2.5–4 kg; 5.5–8.8 lb)
6 Months (6–8 kg; 13.2–17.
1–4 Years (10–14 kg; 22–30.8 lb)
5 Years (16–18 kg; 35.2–39.6 lb)
5–10 Years (24–30 kg; 52.8–66 lb)

A

6–8/6
8/6
8–10/6
10/6
14/14
14/14

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17
Q

febrile seizures result from
Most commonly between ages of

A

= a sudden increase in body temperature.
= 6Mns & 6Yrs often, guardians report a recent onset of fever or cold symptoms.

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18
Q

fluid replacement after perfusion rule:
4 2 1rule/ formula :

A

= normovolemia Used for every hr after to maintain
4ml/kg 1st 10kg
2m/Kg 2nd 10kg
1ml/kG 3rd

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19
Q

Gestational Diabetes:
Rx:

A

= Diabetes from Carry w/ BGL < 70 mg/dL
= Administer 50-100 mL 50% dextrose

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20
Q

Pedi Uncuffed ETT form:
Pedi Cuffed ETT form:

A

= (Age in years ÷ 4) + 4.
= (Age in years ÷ 4) + 3.5

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21
Q

How to clamp & cut the umbilical cord after delivery:

What to do immediately after the baby is delivered:

A

= Delay clamping 30Secs after delivery, Clamp cord 4in. (10 cm) from navel; place 2nd clamp 2in (5 cm) from 1st &
Cut cord between clamps
= Dry baby; cover w/ warm, dry blankets or towels.
Position baby on side.
Record time of birth.

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22
Q

hypervent/ for Child w/ brainstem herniation
hypervent/ for Infant w/ brainstem herniation
ETCO2 target:

A

= 30 breathes a min (>1yr)
= 35 breathes a min (1mth - 1yr)
= ETCO2 target 35 mmHg

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23
Q

hypoglycemia for neonate:

A

= <45BGL neonate

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24
Q

hypoglycemia Rx for infant:

A

= <60BGL infant

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25
hypoglycemic with PEDIs trick: hypoglycemia Rx for neonate: hypoglycemia Rx for infant:
= Lots of sick kids hypoglycemic so use bone marrow for BGL = <45BGL neonate 2mns - 1yr = <60BGL infant 1-3yrs
26
Pedi Defibrillation
Initial 2 J/kg, then 4 J/kg increasing to max 10J/Kg
27
Infant tachycardia Children tachycardia Note
> 220 > 180 get Hx, if sudden & random onset then SVT
28
Pedi Poisoning CCB/BB fluid form
= 5-10 mL/kg / 10-20Mins PRN
29
Pedi Fluid doses) Hypovolemia& Distributive: Cardiogenic Shock: Poisoning CCB/BB: DKA with Compensated Shock:
= 20 mL/kg / 5-10Mins PRN = 5-10 mL/kg / 10-20Mins PRN = 5-10 mL/kg / 10-20Mins PRN = 10-20 mL/kg / 60-120 Minutes
30
Pedi Hypovolemia& Distributive fluid Form:
= 20 mL/kg / 5-10Mins PRN
31
Pedi Cardiogenic Shock fluid form
= 5-10 mL/kg / 10-20Mins PRN
32
Pedi DKA Comp Shock fluid form
= 10-20 mL/kg / 60-120 Minutes
33
Neonatal Airway Management
Position airway, suction only if obstruction present, intubate if necessary
34
Neonatal CPR Indications
HR < 60 bpm despite ventilation & oxygenation
35
Neonatal CPR Reassessment Timing
Every 30 seconds, check HR, color, respiratory effort
36
Neonatal Fever Considerations
>100.4°F (38.0°C) is concerning; workup for sepsis if present
37
Neonatal Heart Rate (HR) Ranges
At birth: 150-180 bpm, stabilizes to 130-140 bpm, HR <100 bpm = distress
38
Neonatal Hypoglycemia Treatment
Dextrose 10% (D10) at 5-10 mL/kg IV bolus
39
Neonatal Inverted Resuscitation Pyramid
Focuses on simple interventions first (warm, dry, position, stimulate), then escalate if needed
40
Neonatal Respiratory Rate (RR)
Normal 40-60 breaths/min, abnormal if <30 or >60
41
OG tube (French) Premature Neonate 6 Months 1–4 Years 5 Years 5–10 Years
5 5–8 8 10 10–12 14–18
42
Premature infant) ETT Size: Type: Depth of ETT Insertion: Laryngoscope Blade Size:
2.5–3.0 Uncuffed 8.0 cm 0 straight
43
Pedi HypoBP form/ & starts @
<70 + (Yrs x 2) Toddler: 1-3Yrs & up
44
Pedi Hypotension criteria cheat
Start @ 90 neonates w/ 60SBP w/ chidlren (1-10Yrs) for foumula
45
Pedi intubation indications
Bad physical signs NOT MONITORS
46
Pedi Polyuria
>3ml/kg
47
Pedi PPV BVM rate:
1 every 2-3secs ~20-30breaths /min
48
Pedi Resp distress: Pedi Resp failure:
= "Huffing & Puffing Enough" to sustain life = “failure to respirate to sustain life” >60RR
49
Pedi Tension Pneumo decomp:
3rd rib 2nd ICS Chest wall thickness in anterior chest varies from 1.4 – 1.6 cm (0.55 - .63 inches)
50
1-3 years = 3-5 years = 6-12 years = 13-18 years =
Toddler: Preschooler: School-age: Adolescent:
51
Pediatric Age Classifications
- Newborn: Birth to hours old -Neonate: Hours to 1 month -Infant: 1 month - 1 year -Toddler: 1-3 years -Preschooler: 3-5 years -School-age: 6-12 years -Adolescent: 13-18 years
52
Toddler: Preschooler: School-age: Adolescent: "Kid/Child":
=1-3 years = 3-5 years = 6-12 years = 13-18 years = 8Yrs up, 45Kg up, before puberty
53
Pediatric Bradycardia Treatment
- If hypoxic → Oxygen & ventilation - If unstable → Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO - Atropine (0.02 mg/kg) if vagal cause suspected
54
Pediatric CPR Compression Depth & Rate
- Depth: 1/3 to 1/2 of chest AP diameter - Rate: 100-120/min - Ratios: 30:2 (1 rescuer), 15:2 (2 rescuers), 3:1 (newborns)
55
Pediatric GCS 2-5Yrs changes:
(E) Alert, shout, pain, none (M) same but follows commands now spontaneous (S) Coos, Consolable ,Crys, Crazy, none
56
Pediatric GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale):
= Modified to assess eye opening, verbal response, motor response
57
Pediatric GCS 0-24Mns changes:
(E) Alert, shout, pain, none (M) same but follows commands now spontaneous (S) Coos, Consolable ,Crys, Crazy, none
58
Pediatric GCS Differences
- Modified for age - Verbal & motor responses changed for age
59
Ped Epi 1:10 dose: Pedi Epi 1:1 dose
- Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO (1:10,000) - Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg IM (1:1,000)
60
Pediatric Synchronized Cardioversion Dosing
- SVT/VT w/ Pulse: Start @ 0.5-1 J/kg, increase to 2 J/kg if needed
61
Pediatric Vital Signs Considerations
- HR, RR higher than adults - BP lower than adults - Hypotension is a late shock sign
62
Pediatric Weight Estimation Formulas
- Old: (Age + 4) × 2 = kg - New: (Age × 3) + 7 = kg
63
Suction form:
= 2 x ETT
64
How to estimate weight:
= (Age x 3) + 7 = Approximate weight in kg
65
Fetal Circulation) Foramen ovale: Function: Blood @ this time is De or oxygenated:
= hole between fetus's atrias "fetal shunt" = allows mixing of oxygenated blood in R-atrium, leaving the L-ventricle bound for the aorta. This serves to aid in blood flow bypassing the lungs. = At this time, the blood is still oxygenated.
66
mLs range in uterus
= 50mLs-1.5Ls in uterus
67
Neonate age range
1st few hours of life to 1 month
68
newborn age range
Birth to the 1st couple Hrs of life
69
School-aged child age range
6Yrs - 12Yrs
70
Toddler age range
1 year & 3 years
71
Adolescent age range
13 years and 18 years
72
What are the definitions of Newborn, Neonate, and Infant?
Newborn: birth till a few hours old; Neonate: few hours till 1 month; Infant: 1 month till 1 year
73
Infant def
1 month till 1 year)
74
What are the steps in newborn resuscitation?
Dry, warm, position, stimulate; if HR < 100, positive pressure ventilation (PPV); if HR < 60, CPR (3:1 compressions-to-ventilation ratio)
75
What does the APGAR score assess?
Appearance (color), Pulse (HR), Grimace (reflex), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (effort); scored at 1 & 5 minutes
76
What is hypoglycemia in newborns?
BG < 40 mg/dL, treated with D10 (5-10 mL/kg).
77
What is the appropriate depth for chest compressions in a child?
2 inches
78
What is the appropriate depth for chest compressions in an infant?
1 1/2 inches
79
What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for CPR on an infant?
30:2
80
What is the correct tidal volume for a pediatric patient?
5-7 mL's/kg dead space 3mLs/kg
81
What is the CPR rate for a 6-month-old infant found unconscious?
At least 100/minute; ratio 15:2; depth 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
82
hypotension threshold for a 12-year-old pediatric patient?
Less than 90 mmHg systolic
83
hypotension threshold for a 19-month-old pediatric patient?
Less than 70 + (2 x age in years)
84
hypotension threshold for a 2-month-old infant?
Less than 70 mmHg systolic
85
hypotension threshold for a neonate?
Less than 60 mmHg systolic
86
hypotension threshold for an 11-month-old infant?
Less than 70 mmHg systolic
87
Neonatal CPR technique?
3:1 compression-ventilation ratio, 120 bpm rate, Two-thumb technique, Depth: 1/3 AP diameter.
88
fluid replacement for PEDI trauma PT form: Best way to rapidly admin fluids:
= give 20 cc/kg NS/LR even if BP norm, repeat bolus if HR, LOC, CR & other signs of systemic perfusion fail to improve. = 20mL/kG push pull push pull 3way stop cock
89
What is the pulmonary dead space volume for a pediatric patient?
3 mL/kg
90
What is the rescue breathing rate for a pediatric patient?
1 breath every 2-3 seconds
91
What pulse site should be used for an unconscious 5-month-old infant?
Brachial
92
Newborn’s heart rate normally be at birth?
150–180 at birth, slowing to 130–140 thereafter.
93
Newborn’s respiratory rate average?
40–60 breaths per minute.
94
- Dextrose Infant (2Mn-2Yrs):
D25W, 2-4 mL/kg IV
95
Dextrose Child (>2Yrs):
D50W, 1-2 mL/kg IV
96
What are the normal newborn vitals?
RR: 40-60 bpm, HR birth: 150-180 bpm & after birth: 130-140 bpm HR < 100 bpm = distress
97
Neonatal CPR Indications
HR < 60 bpm despite ventilation & oxygenation
98
Neonatal Hypovolemia Shock Signs
Pale, cool skin, poor capillary refill, weak pulses, lethargy
99
Neonatal Shock Treatment
Fluid resuscitation (10 mL/kg bolus NS or LR), treat underlying cause
100
Neonatal Respiratory Rate (RR)
Normal 40-60 breaths/min, abnormal if <30 or >60
101
Neonatal Heart Rate (HR) Ranges
At birth: 150-180 bpm, stabilizes to 130-140 bpm, HR <100 bpm = distress
102
Neonatal Inverted Resuscitation Pyramid
Focuses on simple interventions first (warm, dry, position, stimulate), then escalate if needed
103
Neonatal CPR Reassessment Timing
Every 30 seconds, check HR, color, respiratory effort
104
posterior fontanelle usually closes anterior fontanelle closes
= in 2 or 3 months = between 9 and 18 months
105
Key Steps in Pediatric Primary Assessment (ABCDE)
- Airway: Position in neutral sniffing, remove obstructions - Breathing: Assess rate, effort, SpO₂ - Circulation: HR, pulses, perfusion - Disability: AVPU/GCS, pupil response - Exposure: Full assessment, prevent heat loss
106
hypervent/ for Child w/ brainstem herniation hypervent/ for Infant w/ brainstem herniation ETCO2 target:
= 30 breathes a min (>1yr) = 35 breathes a min (1mth to 1yr) = ETCO2 target should be 35 mmHg
107
Infants sings of comp/ shock & entering decomp/:
Hypoxica > Tachycardic > Bradycardic
108
Croup vs Epiglottitis) Virus type: Onset: Defining S/S:
= (C)Viral (E)Bacterial =(C)Slow (E)Fast =(C)Seal cough & Steeple (E)Drooling
109
Croup vs Epiglottitis) Temp Usually occurs @: Common age:
=(C)Low fever101-2 (E)High fever 102-4 =(C)Before bed (E) in Morning/middle of night =(C)6Mns - 4Yrs (E) 3Yrs - 7Yrs
110
What is the GCS score for a 5-year-old with Eye Opening: To verbal, Motor Response: Localizes, Verbal: Inappropriate words?
12
111
When does the posterior fontanelle of a pediatric patient generally close?
3 months
112
When does the anterior fontanelle of a pediatric patient generally close?
9-18 months
113
What is the GCS score for a 2-year-old with Eye Opening: To pain, Motor Response: Withdrawal, Verbal: Cries and Screams?
9
114
What is the GCS score for a 7-year-old with Eye Opening: To pain, Motor Response: Extension, Verbal: Incomprehensible sounds?
6
115
Infant tachycardia Children tachycardia Note
> 220 > 180 get Hx, if sudden & random onset then SVT
116
Respiratory Distress: Respiratory Failure:
= Open & Maintainable , Tachypnea , Good Air Movement, Tachycardia, Pallor (pink/white cheek), Anxiety, Agitation = Not Maintainable, Bradypnea to Apnea, Poor/Absent Air Movement, Bradycardia, Cape Cyanosis, Lethargy/Unresponsive
117
Pedi Hypotension criteria cheat
Start @ 90 neonates w/ 60SBP w/ chidlren (1-10Yrs) for foumula
118
Cardiac arrest in infants & children usually from:
Respiratory failure or arrest
119
#1 Killer 3rd trimester
Placenta Abruptio
120
Gestational Diabetes rx:
BGL < 70 mg/dL: Start IV NS & Admin/ 50-100 mL 50% dextrose intravenously
121
What 3 shunts are involved in the fetal circulation?
Ductus Venosus later lig terez Foramen Ovale septum prinium Ductus Arteriosus
122
When maternal blood volume increases, pregnant women will often receive supplemental iron to prevent anemia. This is because:
Although both red blood cells and plasma increase, there is slightly more plasma.
123
Jumpstart) Triaging
RPM Resp/ Pulse / Mental
124
Jumpstart) R of RPM
RR <15 or >45
125
Jumpstart) P of RPM
Radial pulse
126
Jumpstart) M or RPM
Mental status

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