4) Neonate Flashcards
dif/ from a PEDI vs adult airway) PEDI:
Adult:
= Large tongue, Floppy omega epiglottis, cricoid narrowest point
= glottis narrowest point, firm epiglottis
Causes of Neonatal Bradycardia
Hypoxia, acidosis, hypothermia; primary treatment is ventilation before considering meds
Causes of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Prematurity, diabetic mother, sepsis, hypothermia, birth stress
Choanal Atresia
Congenital blockage of nasal passage, causes respiratory distress when mouth is closed
Cleft Palate & Lip
Failure of structures to close during fetal development, can cause feeding & airway issues
Common Causes of Neonatal Seizures
Hypoxia, hypoglycemia, infection, intracranial hemorrhage, congenital abnormalities
Decrease pulmonic defects:
= Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA), Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries (l-TGA)
Diaphragmatic Hernia Considerations
Do not bag-mask ventilate, intubate early, position baby with head elevated
fluid replacement after perfusion rule:
4 2 1rule/ formula :
=back to normovolemia Used for every hr after to maintain
= [A] 4ml/kg 1st 10 [B]2m/Kg 2nd 10kg [C]1ml/kG after per hour Used for every hour after to maintain
From what time is a baby classified as an ‘infant’?
From time of birth until 1 year.
Heart defect categories
1 Increase pulmonary blood flow
2 Decrease pulmonary blood flow
3 Obstruct blood flow
Heart defect categories:
dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries (d-TGA)
= Decrease pulmonary blood flow
= 1st trimester: TPMA now TAMP
Systems flip flopped
Block Blood flow defects:
= Coarctation of the Aorta,
Pulmonary & Aortic Stenosis
Truncus Arteriosus,
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Heart defect categories”
Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries (l-TGA)
= Decrease pulmonary blood flow
L&RV on wrong side
Heart defect categories
Coarctation of the Aorta:
= Block blood flow
= Narrowinfg of aorta Commonly ductus arterioous most common site, Increased after load & LVF,
Heart defect categories
Pulmonary Stenosis
= Block blood flow
Pulmonary Stenosis: less oxygenation & bad compliance
Heart defect categories
Aortic Stenosis
= Block blood flow
Aortic Stenosis: Less perfusion
Heart defect categories:
Truncus Arteriosus :
=Block blood flow
= Aorta & pulmonic artery become one
< blood to aourta >pulmonic
Heart defect categories
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome:
=Block blood flow
= No area for Preload from too much tissue
Heart defect categories
=Block blood flow, Decreased & Increased Pulmonic Flow,
Heart defect category:
VSD:
=Increase pulmonic blood flow (decreased peripheral systemic flow)
= amino acids got wrong blueprint, L>R shunt, increases vol to RV & hypertrophy, Less in LV & CO b/c shunt, 2nd most common
Heart defect category:
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
=Increase pulmonic blood flow (decreased peripheral systemic flow)
= DOESNT CLOSE, back into lungs hyperperfuse, <peripherial, Rales
Heart defect category:
ASD:
= Increase pulmonic blood flow (decreased peripheral systemic flow)
= Patent forman ovale L>R shunt, increases vol to RV & hypertrophy, Less in LV & CO b/c shunt, most common
How do you properly immobilize a pediatric trauma patient?
Place a folded towel or padding under the shoulders to align the head with the body due to larger occiput.