1) Gyno Flashcards
Gynecology deals w/
Obstetrics focuses on:
= health & diseases of women’s sex organs.
= care of women throughout pregnancy.
What internal organs are part of the female reproductive system?
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, & vagina.
What is the role of external female genitalia:
What are the parts of the external genitalia:
= protect body openings & play a role in sexual function.
= vulva, mons pubis, labia majora/minora, & glands (Skene’s & Bartholin’s).
Why are women more prone to UTIs than men:
= Shorter urethra allows bacteria to travel more easily to the bladder. Infection can progress to kidneys, causing pyelonephritis
Menstrual Phase:
Proliferative Phase:
Secretory Phase:
= Endometrium sheds (~50 mLs) Lasts 3-5 days
= Endometrium thickens w/ estrogen; ovulation occurs at Day 14.
= Progesterone from corpus luteum prepares endometrium for implantation.
What are the hormones involved in ovulation:
= FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) triggers egg maturation, & LH (luteinizing hormone) signals ovulation.
function of the cervix during pregnancy:
= Forms a mucus plug to block pathogens from reaching the fetus & supports the uterus during gestation
External genitalia fn & aka:
= Protect, pleasure, propriate & Vulva/Pundium
Dysmenorrhea:
Painful menstruation due to uterine contractions or conditions like endometriosis.
Dyspareunia:
Painful intercourse often caused by ovarian cysts or infections.
What happens during menopause:
S/S:
= marks cessation of ovarian Fn, estrogen production, & menstrual cycles, ~occurring 45-55Yrs
= hot flashes, mood swings, & vaginal dryness, osteoporosis
Ectopic pregnancy:
Why is it dangerous:
= fertilized egg implants outside uterus (most commonly in the fallopian tube)
= can rupture by ~8 Wks, causing severe bleeding & leading cause of maternal death in 1st trimester
PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease):
Organs commonly involved:
More prone to:
= infection of sex organ/s, often caused by untreated STDs (EX: gonorrhea, chlamydia)
= uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries.
= It leads to inflammation, scarring, & can increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
How does fundal height relate to pregnancy:
Soonest to use reliably:
= Top of Uterus down to Top of Pubic bone w/ cloth measuring tape; each cm = 1Wk (top of uterus when feeling dip down STOP)
= After 20 weeks, it corresponds roughly to gestational age in weeks (EX: 25 cm ≈ 25 weeks).
What is the function of the prostate gland in males:
The prostate gland produces a fluid that nourishes sperm & aids in its motility during ejaculation.
Menorrhagia:
= Excessive menstrual bleeding; more than their average
Amenorrhea:
Primary Amenorrhea:
2ndary Amenorrhea :
= Absence of menstruation
= Never started periods.
= Periods stopped after being regular.
How do hormonal changes affect PMS:
How do hormonal changes affect PMDD:
= physical & emotional symptoms like bloating, fatigue, & irritability before a period
= severe form of PMS w/ extreme mood swings/ depression
What are common forms of contraception?
= Condoms, IUDs, birth control pills, diaphragms, spermicides, & rhythm/withdrawal methods (“pull-out game”).
What is the function of the corpus luteum?
After ovulation, the corpus luteum forms at the site of the released egg & secretes progesterone & estrogen to maintain the uterine lining.
What is cystitis:
If untreated, can progess to:
bladder infection
= kidneys infected (pyelonephritis), kidney damage, sepsis, dialysis
Significance of Braxton Hicks contractions:
= irregular uterine contractions during pregnancy that help the uterus prepare for labor. They don’t cause cervical dilation.
endometriosis:
Cavital-pneumial pneumothorax:
= abnormal growth of endometrial cells make tissue outside the uterus, often causing pelvic pain, heavy periods, & infertility.
= pneumothorax from endometriosis growth on lungs
Most common & hypothesized every women had at least once sexual pathology:
Common problem w/ fertilization:
= PID Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases
= Inflammation of endometrium thus swelling cutting of fallopian tube & semun gets stuck