9) PALS Flashcards
What are the characteristics of Croup?
Slow onset, prefers sitting up, barking cough, no drooling, fever 101-102°F, viral
What are the characteristics of Epiglottitis?
Rapid onset, prefers sitting up/tripod position, no barking cough, drooling, fever 102-104°F, bacterial
What is the treatment for Croup?
Primary assessment, Saline neb, Epi neb, Corticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Solu-Medrol), Advanced airway
What is the treatment for Epiglottitis?
Primary assessment, Position of comfort, Avoid agitation, Nothing in mouth, Saline neb/blow-by, Transport ASAP, ET tube as last resort
What is the dosing for nebulized Racemic Epinephrine?
Racemic Epi 2.25%: 0.5 mL + 4 mL NS
What is the dosing for nebulized Epi 1:1,000?
Epi 1:1,000: 1 mL + 4 mL NS
What is the dosing for nebulized Epi 1:10,000?
Epi 1:10,000: 5 mL (no dilution)
What are the signs of Respiratory Distress?
Maintainable airway, tachypnea, good air movement, tachycardia, pallor, anxiety/agitation
What are the signs of Respiratory Failure?
Not maintainable, bradypnea/apnea, poor/absent air movement, bradycardia, cyanosis, lethargy/unresponsive
What is the pathophysiology of Bronchiolitis/Asthma?
Bronchoconstriction, inflammation, mucus production
What lung sounds are associated with Bronchiolitis/Asthma?
Wheezing
What is the treatment for Bronchiolitis/Asthma?
Albuterol/Atrovent neb, Epi 1:1,000, Dexamethasone
What is the difference between Compensated and Decompensated Shock?
Compensated Shock: Possibly hours until progression; Decompensated Shock: Minutes until progression
What are the types of Shock?
Distributive: Anaphylaxis, septic, neurogenic; Hypovolemic: Hemorrhagic, nonhemorrhagic; Obstructive: Tension pneumo, cardiac tamponade, PE; Cardiogenic: Congenital heart defects, myocarditis, arrhythmias
What are the systolic BP hypotension thresholds for term neonates?
Term neonates: <60 mmHg
What are the systolic BP hypotension thresholds for infants (1mo-1yr)?
Infants (1mo-1yr): <70 mmHg
What are the systolic BP hypotension thresholds for children (1-10yrs)?
Children (1-10yrs): <70 + (2 × age) mmHg
What are the systolic BP hypotension thresholds for children (>10yrs)?
Children (>10yrs): <90 mmHg
What is the treatment for Shock?
IV/IO therapy + fluid bolus (20 mL/kg IV/IO push); Monitor V/S + lung sounds after each bolus
What are the common causes and signs of Tension Pneumothorax?
Common Cause: Trauma; S/S: JVD, tracheal deviation, absent breath sounds, hypotension
What is the treatment for Tension Pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
18G over 3 rd rib
Where is the needle placement for Tension Pneumothorax?
2nd ICS MCL or 5th ICS AAL
What is the needle size for Tension Pneumothorax?
14-18g
What is the initial treatment for seizures?
Protect airway, O2/suction; IV/IO, check glucose