5&6) Pedi Flashcards
1
Q
dif/ from a PEDI vs adult airway) PEDI:
Adult:
A
= Large tongue, Floppy omega epiglottis, cricoid narrowest point
= glottis narrowest point, firm epiglottis
2
Q
Sudden Infant Death syndrome (SIDS)
A
SUID is a broad category that can include identifiable causes such as suffocation, choking, or strangulation as well as SIDS.
3
Q
Normal Pedi Urine output:
A
1-2ml/kg/Hr urine output
4
Q
6Mn old infant found unconscious by his mother. infant has no pulse, no BP, & no respirations. You should
A
begin two-rescuer healthcare provider CPR using a rate of at least: 100/minute; ratio 15:2; depth 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
5
Q
A surgical cricothyrotomy is contraindicated in patients less than
A
less than 8 years old
6
Q
Adults vocal cords @
Pedi Vocal cords @
A
C4 - 5
C2 - 3
7
Q
AEIOU-TIPPS reflects major causes of AMS
A
Alcohol
Epilepsy
Insulin
Opiates
Uremia (Kidney Failure)
Trauma, Temp
Infection
Poisoning
Psychogenic
Shock, Stroke, Seizure
8
Q
Amiodarone Pediatric Dosing
A
- VF/pVT: 5 mg/kg IV/IO (Max 15 mg/kg in 24 hrs)
9
Q
Anuria
A
No urination
10
Q
Appendicitis:
A
= Common GI emergencies
= If untreated, can lead to peritonitis or shock
= Rebound Tenderness Pain at McBurning’s Point (2/3 from umbilicus)
11
Q
Atropine Pediatric Dosing
A
Bradycardia: 0.02 mg/kg IV/IO
(Min: 0.1mg & Max: 0.5 mg per dose)
12
Q
Auscultation technique w/ Pedis
A
Using Bell & Armpit to Armpit
13
Q
Bacterial Meningitis
Viral Meningitis
A
Most Lethal
Most common/viral
14
Q
Belly breathing
A
Normal w/ infants but isnt w/ older pedis
15
Q
Kirinick’s sign:
+ sign indicates:
A
= bend knee to chest but cant outflex legs
= Meningitis
16
Q
Bronchiolitis sound:
Occurs commonly:
AKA:
A
= expiratory wheezing
= in winter <2Yrs
= “Baby asthma”
17
Q
Bronchiolitis) Mild Treatment:
Moderate:
Severe:
A
= Nebulized Albuterol & Atrovent, & Steroids: Dexamethasone & Solu Medrol
= CPAP/ SVN Epi & Mag Sulfate
= Epi 1:1 IM & ET Intubation
18
Q
Bacterial tracheitis:
seen w/:
S/S:
A
= bacterial infection of subglottic region
= after Croup, 1-5Yrs
= High fever, phlem, horse if talking, Stridor
19
Q
Bronchiolitis:
A
= viral infection of bronchioles, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affecting lining of the bronchioles
20
Q
Broselow Tape Purpose
A
Rapid pediatric weight & dose estimation based on height.
21
Q
Brudzinkis sign:
+ sign indicates:
A
= Supine & flex head feet kick up
= Meningitis
22
Q
BRUE)
ALTE)
A
= Brief resolved unexplained event
= Apparent Life threatening event
Infants who are not breathing, cyanotic, and unresponsive sometimes resume breathing and color with stimulation
Classic presentation is characterized by: Distinct change in muscle tone, Change in color, Choking or gagging/apnea , 50% underlying cardiac
23
Q
Cardiac arrest common etiologies
A
1st most common Cardiac myopathy from sick)
Prolonged QT syndrome
Commotion cordis
24
Q
Cardiac arrest in infants & children usually from:
A
Respiratory failure or arrest
25
Causes of Neonatal Bradycardia
Hypoxia, acidosis, hypothermia; primary treatment is ventilation before considering meds
26
Causes of Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Prematurity, diabetic mother, sepsis, hypothermia, birth stress
27
Child BVM bag vol/
Infant BVM bag vol/
= 800mL
= 300mL
28
Common issue/injury w/ PPV on Pedis
= Barotrauma; Too much squeeze & too slow
29
Common Pediatric Medical Mistakes
1. Med errors (7.3% of hospitalized children affected)
2. Overdose/bad reactions in 1 in 15 hospitalized children
30
Croup is characterized by
S/S:
Rx:
Notes:
= subglottic edema} laryngotracheobronchitis
= Bark Stridor, ~6Mns-4Yrs, No drooling,
= SVN Epi, Albuterol, RaceEpi
= decrease truck temp b/c cool air helps subglottic edema
31
Croup vs Epiglottitis) Virus type:
Onset:
Defining S/S:
= (C)Viral (E)Bacterial
=(C)Slow (E)Fast
=(C)Seal cough & Steeple (E)Drooling
32
Croup vs Epiglottitis) Temp
Usually occurs @:
Common age:
=(C)Low fever101-2 (E)High fever 102-4
=(C)Before bed (E) in Morning/middle of night
=(C)6Mns - 4Yrs (E) 3Yrs - 7Yrs
33
Croup/(Laryngotracheobronchitis) Rx
SVN Albuterol (or Epis) & Steroids: Dexamethasone & Solu Medrol, CPAP
34
Cuffed ET:
Indications:
Monometer cuff
Usually start at:
(Age /4) + 3.5
= Increased pulmonic P} Anaphylaxis, Burn, drown
= never over 30 mmHg
= 6.0 ~1st
35
Dextrose Pediatric Dosing
- Neonate (<2 months): D10W, 5-10 mL/kg IV
- Infant (2 months-2 years): D25W, 2-4 mL/kg IV
- Child (>2 years): D50W, 1-2 mL/kg IV
36
Epiglottitis is characterized by:
S/S:
Rx:
Notes:
= inflammation of epiglottis & supraglottic tissues
= Drooling, ~3-7Yrs old
= Keep kid calm
= 1 intubation attempt,
37
Epiglottitis) Treatment:
place PT in position of comfort, Humified O2, therapy (mask or blow by)– Nothing in child's mouth
(Intubation as a last resort)
38
Epinephrine Pediatric Dosing (1:10,000 & 1:1,000)
- Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO (1:10,000) every 3-5 min
- Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg IM (1:1,000) (Max 0.3 mg)
39
Estimate pedi weight:
(age X 3) +7=Kg
(age +4) x2=Kg
40
Etiology of Pediatric Arrest
Respiratory Failure
Hypotensive shock
Cardiopulmonary Failure
Asphyxial Arrest (lack of perfusion & oxygen)
41
Infant to 1 year)ETT Size:
Type:
Depth of ETT Insertion:
Laryngoscope Blade Size:
3.5–4.0
Uncuffed
9.5–11.0 cm
1 straight
42
ETT) Premature (1–2.5 kg; 2.2–5.5 lb*)
Neonate (2.5–4 kg; 5.5–8.8 lb)
6 Months (6–8 kg; 13.2–17.
1–4 Years (10–14 kg; 22–30.8 lb)
5 Years (16–18 kg; 35.2–39.6 lb)
5–10 Years (24–30 kg; 52.8–66 lb)
= 2.5–3.0 (uncuffed) formula
3.0–3.5 (uncuffed) formula
3.5–4.0 formula
4.0–4.5 formula
5.0–5.5 formula
5.5–6.5 formula
43
French Suction/Stylet) Premature (1–2.5kg; 2.2–5.5 lb)
Neonate (2.5–4 kg; 5.5–8.8 lb)
6 Months (6–8 kg; 13.2–17.
1–4 Years (10–14 kg; 22–30.8 lb)
5 Years (16–18 kg; 35.2–39.6 lb)
5–10 Years (24–30 kg; 52.8–66 lb)
6–8/6
8/6
8–10/6
10/6
14/14
14/14
44
Laryngoscope blade) Premature
Neonate
6 Months
1–4 Years
5 Years
5–10 Years
0 (straight)
1 (straight)
1 (straight)
1–2 (straight)
2 (straight or curved)
2–3 (straight or curved)
45
febrile seizures:
occur most commonly between the ages:
= Acute rise in body temp/
= 6Ms - 6Yrs. (Often guardians report a recent onset of fever or cold symptoms)
46
febrile seizures result from
Most commonly between ages of
= a sudden increase in body temperature.
= 6Mns & 6Yrs often, guardians report a recent onset of fever or cold symptoms.
47
fluid replacement after perfusion rule:
4 2 1rule/ formula :
=back to normovolemia Used for every hr after to maintain
= [A] 4ml/kg 1st 10kg
[B]2m/Kg 2nd 10kg
[C]1ml/kG after per hour Used for every Hr after to maintain
48
Gastric in distention prob/ w/ Pedis
increasing intrathoracic vol = decreasing BP
(Pressure on R-atrium kills Preload & afterload)
49
Grunting
heard when an infant attempts to keep the alveoli open by building back pressure during expiration
50
Gurgling
Is coarse, abnormal bubbling sound heard in the airway during inspiration or expiration; can indicate an open chest wound or a foreign body in the airway
51
HANDTEVY System Purpose
Pediatric resuscitation tool for dose calculations & equipment sizing.
52
Head bobbing
Is observed when the head lifts and tilts back as the child inhales and then moves forward while exhaling
53
How do you properly immobilize a pediatric trauma patient?
Place a folded towel or padding under the shoulders to align the head with the body due to larger occiput.
54
Pedi Uncuffed ETT form:
Pedi Cuffed ETT form:
= (Age in years ÷ 4) + 4.
= (Age in years ÷ 4) + 3.5
55
How to insert a OPA
Pull out/move tongue w/ OPA or depressor & OPA's Tongue down tongue
56
hypervent/ for Child w/ brainstem herniation
hypervent/ for Infant w/ brainstem herniation
ETCO2 target:
= 30 breathes a min (>1yr)
= 35 breathes a min (1mth to 1yr)
= ETCO2 target should be 35 mmHg
57
hypoglycemic with PEDIs trick:
hypoglycemia Rx for neonate:
hypoglycemia Rx for infant:
= Lots of sick kids hypoglycemic so use bone marrow for BGL
= <45BGL neonate
= <60BGL infant
58
PEDI Ventilation may be impaired by:
Chest Injuries-most 3 prevalent:
Chest Injuries- least 3 prevalent:
Most likely to impede initial stabilization
= Tension pneumothorax, Open pneumothorax, Hemothorax, Flail chest
= Open/closed pneumo, Tension & hemo/ pneumo/
= hemothorax, Flail chest, Cardiac Tamponade (ra
= Open & tension pneumo
59
Indications for Pediatric Defibrillation
Initial shock 2 J/kg, then 4 J/kg
60
Infant pulse palpated @ :
Before infancy pulse @:
Perfusion Rule of thumb w/ pulse sites:
= brachial
= radial or carotid
= Strong central pulse ~ good perfusion ~not HTN
61
Infant tachycardia
Children tachycardia
Note
> 220
> 180
get Hx, if sudden & random onset then SVT
62
Infants sings of comp/ shock & entering decomp/:
Hypoxica > Tachycardic > Bradycardic
63
Key Differences in Pediatric Airway Anatomy
- Larger tongue relative to mouth
- Floppy, U-shaped epiglottis
- More anterior & superior larynx
- Narrowest airway @ cricoid cartilage
64
Key Steps in Pediatric Primary Assessment (ABCDE)
- Airway: Position in neutral sniffing, remove obstructions
- Breathing: Assess rate, effort, SpO₂
- Circulation: HR, pulses, perfusion
- Disability: AVPU/GCS, pupil response
- Exposure: Full assessment, prevent heat loss
65
Meningitis:
S/S:
Presentation:
Muscle Tone/Activity:
infection of the meninges Caused by infection by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
=Kids/ w/ non-blanchable rash, Fever, AMS, Changes can range from mild H/A to inability to interact appropriately, bulding fontanelles
= small, pinpoint, cherry-red spots or a larger purple/black rash.
= Brudzinski's & Kirinick’s sign, Nuncal rigity
66
Moro reflex/“startle reflex,” reflex
When startled, babies throw their arms wide, spreading their fingers and then grabbing instinctively with the arms and fingers. The reflex should be brisk and symmetrical. An asymmetric Moro reflex (in which one arm does not respond exactly like the other) can imply a paralysis or weakness on one side of the body.
67
Pedi 1st most & 2nd most common arrest rhythm
#1 Asystole #2 PEA
68
Most common type of meningitis:
Most Lethal type of meningitis:
= Viral
= Bacterial
69
Mottling
"Blonching Blues" seen in sick pedis
70
Nasal flaring
Occurs from widening of the nostrils; seen primarily on inspiration
71
Newborn Tidal volume & Dead Space
Tidal vol/ 5-7 mL/kg w/ 3mL/kg dead Space
72
OG tube (French) Premature
Neonate
6 Months
1–4 Years
5 Years
5–10 Years
5
5–8
8
10
10–12
14–18
73
Oliguria:
decreased urine output] Pedi <1ml/kg/hr
74
PALS Definition
Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) is for HCPs managing pediatric emergencies beyond BLS, including stabilization & transport.
75
PAT:
Components of PAT
A:
B:
C:
D:
= Across the room visual assessment
= ABCD
= Appearance: “Activity” Mental status
= Breathing: RRQ} nasal flaring, belly breathing, mouth breathing?
= Circulation: Skin CTC
= Disability
76
Pedi Hypotension criteria cheat
Start @ 90 neonates w/ 60SBP w/ chidlren (1-10Yrs) for foumula
77
Pedi intubation indications
Bad physical signs NOT MONITORS
78
Pedi Polyuria
>3ml/kg
79
Pedi PPV BVM rate:
1 every 2-3secs ~20-30breaths /min
80
Pedi Resp distress:
Pedi Resp failure:
= "Huffing & Puffing Enough" to sustain life
= “failure to respirate to sustain life” >60RR
81
Pedi Tension Pneumo decomp:
3rd rib 2nd ICS Chest wall thickness in anterior chest varies from 1.4 – 1.6 cm (0.55 - .63 inches)
82
Pedi Vocal cords differences
more anterior & superficial
83
Pediatric Age Classifications
- Newborn: Birth to hours old
-Neonate: Hours to 1 month
-Infant: 1 month - 1 year
-Toddler: 1-3 years
-Preschooler: 3-5 years
-School-age: 6-12 years
-Adolescent: 13-18 years
84
Toddler:
Preschooler:
School-age:
Adolescent:
=1-3 years
= 3-5 years
= 6-12 years
= 13-18 years
85
Pediatric Airway Differences
- Larger tongue, floppy epiglottis - Narrowest airway @ cricoid, not vocal cords - More anterior airway
86
Pediatric Airway Management Positioning
- Neutral sniffing position prevents airway collapse - Padding under shoulders for younger children
87
Pediatric Assessment Triangle (PAT) Components
1. Appearance: LOC, interactiveness, muscle tone (TICLS: Tone, Interactiveness, Consolability, Look/gaze, Speech/cry)
2. Work of Breathing: Visible effort, abnormal sounds
3. Circulation to Skin: Color, capillary refill, mottling
88
Pediatric Bradycardia Treatment
- If hypoxic → Oxygen & ventilation
- If unstable → Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO
- Atropine (0.02 mg/kg) if vagal cause suspected
89
Pediatric Cardiovascular System Considerations
- Stroke volume is fixed, CO dependent on HR
-Hypotension is a late sign of shock
- Bradycardia often secondary to hypoxia
90
Pediatric Cervical Spine Injury Considerations
- SCIWORA (Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiographic Abnormality) is more common
- Use pediatric C-collars & padding under shoulders
91
Pediatric Chain of Survival
1. Prevention
2. Early CPR
3. Early 911
4. Rapid ALS
5. Post-Arrest Care
92
Pediatric CPR Compression Depth & Rate
- Depth: 1/3 to 1/2 of chest AP diameter
- Rate: 100-120/min
- Ratios: 30:2 (1 rescuer), 15:2 (2 rescuers), 3:1 (newborns)
93
Pediatric ET Tube Sizing Formula
- Uncuffed: (Age/4) + 4
- Cuffed: (Age/4) + 3.5
94
Pediatric GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale):
= Modified to assess eye opening, verbal response, motor response
95
Pediatric GCS 0-24Mns changes:
(E) Alert, shout, pain, none
(M) same but follows commands now spontaneous
(S) Coos, Consolable ,Crys, Crazy, none
96
Pediatric GCS 2-5Yrs changes:
(E) Alert, shout, pain, none
(M) same but follows commands now spontaneous
(S) Coos, Consolable ,Crys, Crazy, none
97
Pediatric GCS Differences
- Modified for age
- Verbal & motor responses changed for age
98
Lidocaine Pedi Dosing
- Initial Dose: 1 mg/kg IV/IO
- Maintenance: 20-50 mcg/kg/min
99
Adenosine Pedi Dosing
- 1st dose: 0.1 mg/kg (max 6 mg)
- 2nd dose: 0.2 mg/kg (max 12 mg)
100
Amiodarone Pedi for VF/pVT
- 5 mg/kg IV/IO - Max 15 mg/kg per 24 hrs
101
Ped Epi 1:10 dose:
Pedi Epi 1:1 dose
- Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO (1:10,000) - Anaphylaxis: 0.01 mg/kg IM (1:1,000)
102
Pediatric Nervous System Considerations
- Brain is larger relative to body size → higher risk for head injury
- Fontanelles remain open until ~18 months
- Spinal cord ends at L3 (vs. L1-L2 in adults)
103
Pediatric Respiratory Arrest Causes
1. Respiratory distress → failure → arrest
2. Shock (hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic)
3. Sudden cardiac arrest (rare, often arrhythmia-based)
104
Pediatric Respiratory System Considerations
- Ribs are more pliable → rely more on diaphragm
- Higher oxygen demand & metabolic rate
- Less functional residual capacity (FRC)
105
Pediatric Shock Types & Causes
- Hypovolemic: Vomiting, diarrhea, hemorrhage
- Distributive: Sepsis, anaphylaxis
- Cardiogenic: Congenital heart defects, myocarditis
- Obstructive: Tension pneumothorax, tamponade
106
Pediatric Synchronized Cardioversion Dosing
- SVT/VT w/ Pulse: Start @ 0.5-1 J/kg, increase to 2 J/kg if needed
107
Pediatric Thermoregulation Considerations
- Higher surface area-to-mass ratio → heat loss easier
-Brown fat for thermogenesis
-Increased risk of hypothermia
108
Pediatric Vital Signs Considerations
- HR, RR higher than adults
- BP lower than adults
- Hypotension is a late shock sign
109
Pediatric Weight Estimation Formulas
New: (Age × 3) + 7 = kg
Old: (Age + 4) × 2 = kg
110
Pertussis AKA:
Absolute sign:
S/S:
= "Whooping cough" bacterial infection (<6Yrs)
= “whoop” sound after a coughing attack
= Low grade fever, Rhonchi, can be dehydrated
111
Pneumonia:
= general term of lung infection (Bacterial or Viral), Often 2ndary of a infection & Leading cause of death in children
112
PRN Temp is most accurate for
PO PA temp will work for
= infants and toddlers
= older children
113
Pulmonary Cystic Fibrosis
Rx:
=Disease dysFn/Inoperation alters Na channels creates more channels thus produce mucus,
= Might have to use cuffed ETT & disable pop-off valve b/c high compliance w/ ABC Support
114
Respiratory Distress:
Respiratory Failure:
= Open & Maintainable , Tachypnea , Good Air Movement, Tachycardia, Pallor (pink/white cheek), Anxiety, Agitation
= Not Maintainable, Bradypnea to Apnea, Poor/Absent Air Movement, Bradycardia, Cape Cyanosis, Lethargy/Unresponsive
115
Retraction
Is sinking of the skin and soft tissues of the chest visible around and below the ribs and above the collarbone
116
Wheezing
Is low- or high-pitched sound that occurs when air passes air over mucus secretions or airway is constricted in the bronchi; heard more commonly on expiration; a l
117
Seizures in infants
= Subtle: abnormal gaze, sucking, and/or "bicycling"
118
Sick Pedi Symptoms always suspect:
They got menigitis
119
SIDS
Sudden Infant death Syndrome
When everything else is ruled out & found from autopsy
120
Signs of Pediatric Increased ICP
- Bulging fontanelles (if <18 months)
- Unequal pupils
- Vomiting, bradycardia, hypertension
121
Signs of Pediatric Respiratory Failure
- Early: Tachypnea, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting
- Late: Bradypnea, cyanosis, altered LOC
122
Steeple sign:
= w/ xray has church steeple from epiglottitis
123
Stridor
Is abnormal, musical, high-pitched sound, more commonly heard on inspiration
124
Suction form:
How to estimate weight:
= 2 x ETT
= (Age x 3) + 7 = Approximate weight in kg
125
Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID)
Acute death during 1st Yrs of life from a cause that was unpredictable & cannot be identified before investigation.
If the cause of death cannot be identified by doctors after investigation & even after autopsy, it is then classified as sudden infant death syndrome
126
TICLS) T
I
C
L
S
= Tone (m tone)
=Interactivity/mental status
= Consolability
= Look or Gaze “100 Yrd stare”
= Speech or Crying
127
Transitional Phase
- "Talking Phase of building rapport w/ Pedi (GOOD PATs)
-Toe to head exam & @ eye Lvl
128
Upper airway in Pedis:
= Anything above carina
129
What age range is considered a neonate?
1st few hours of life to 1 month
130
What age range is considered a newborn?
Birth to the first couple hours of life
131
What age range is considered a school-aged child?
6 years and 12 years
132
What age range is considered a toddler?
1 year & 3 years
133
What age range is considered an adolescent?
13 years and 18 years
134
What age range is considered an infant?
One month and one year
135
What are the 3 parts of the Primary Assessment Triangle (PAT)?
Appearance, Work of breathing, Skin color
136
What are the characteristics of Pierre Robin Syndrome?
Small jaw, large tongue, cleft palate, leading to airway obstruction
137
Neonate def
few hours till 1 month
138
Newborn def
birth till a few hours old
139
Infant def
1 month till 1 year)
140
Def/s of Newborn:
Neonate:
Infant:
Newborn: birth till a few hours old
Neonate: few hours till 1 month
Infant: 1 month till 1 year
141
What are the steps in newborn resuscitation?
Dry, warm, position, stimulate; if HR < 100, positive pressure ventilation (PPV); if HR < 60, CPR (3:1 compressions-to-ventilation ratio)
142
What does an atrial septal defect usually cause?
Blood to shunt from the left to right atria
143
What does the umbilical cord usually contain?
1 vein 2 arteries
144
What formula estimates the size of an ET tube for a pediatric patient?
(Age / 4) + 4
145
What happens to the vital signs of a pediatric patient as they get older?
Both heart rate and ventilation rate decrease with age, but blood pressure increases.
146
What is the appropriate depth for chest compressions in a child?
2 inches
147
What is the appropriate depth for chest compressions in a child?
2 inches
148
What is the appropriate depth for chest compressions in an infant?
1 1/2 inches
149
What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for CPR on an infant?
30:2
150
What is the correct tidal volume for a pediatric patient?
5-7 mL's/kg
151
What is the CPR rate for a 6-month-old infant found unconscious?
At least 100/minute; ratio 15:2; depth 1/3 to 1/2 the depth of the chest
152
What is the dose of Amiodarone for a conscious pediatric patient in ventricular tachycardia?
5 mg/kg IV over 20 minutes
153
What is the dose of Amiodarone for a pediatric patient in ventricular fibrillation?
5 mg/kg IV push
154
What is the dose of Atropine for a pediatric patient suspected of organophosphate exposure?
0.02-0.05 mg/kg
155
What is the dose of Epinephrine 1:1,000 for a pediatric patient with a severe allergic reaction?
0.01 mg/kg IM with a max dose of 0.3 mg
156
What is the dose of Epinephrine 1:10,000 for a pediatric patient in cardiac arrest?
0.01 mg/kg
157
What is the dose of IV Dextrose for a 1-month-old infant?
5-10 mL's/kg
158
What is the dose of Lidocaine for a pediatric patient in ventricular tachycardia?
1 mg/kg
159
What is the first dose of Adenosine for a pediatric patient with symptomatic and stable SVT?
0.1 mg/kg
160
What is the first-line treatment for severe bradycardia in a pediatric patient?
Epi 1:10,000
161
What is the hypotension threshold for a 12-year-old pediatric patient?
Less than 90 mmHg systolic
162
What is the hypotension threshold for a 19-month-old pediatric patient?
Less than 70 + (2 x age in years)
163
What is the hypotension threshold for a 2-month-old infant?
Less than 70 mmHg systolic
164
What is the hypotension threshold for a neonate?
Less than 60 mmHg systolic
165
What is the hypotension threshold for an 11-month-old infant?
Less than 70 mmHg systolic
166
What is the narrowest portion of the pediatric upper airway?
The cricoid ring
167
What is the pediatric maintenance dose of Lidocaine?
20-50 mcg/kg/min
168
fluid replacement for PEDI trauma PT form:
Best way to rapidly admin fluids:
= give 20 cc/kg NS/LR even if BP norm, repeat bolus if HR, LOC, CR & other signs of systemic perfusion fail to improve.
= 20mL/kG push pull push pull 3way stop cock
169
What is the pulmonary dead space volume for a pediatric patient?
3 mL/kg
170
What is the rescue breathing rate for a pediatric patient?
1 breath every 2-3 seconds
171
What is the second dose of Adenosine for a pediatric patient with symptomatic and stable SVT?
0.2 mg/kg
172
What pulse site should be used for an unconscious 18-month-old pediatric patient?
Brachial
173
What pulse site should be used for an unconscious 5-month-old infant?
Brachial
174
What sign w/ Pedis indicates immediate Rx/Venting
Grunting
175
What usually causes cardiac arrest in infants and children?
Respiratory failure or arrest
176
When does the anterior fontanelle of a pediatric patient generally close?
9-18 months
177
When does the posterior fontanelle of a pediatric patient generally close?
3 months
178
posterior fontanelle usually closes
anterior fontanelle closes
= in 2 or 3 months
= between 9 and 18 months
179
Where do most spinal injuries occur at for pediatric patients?
C2 (phrenic nerve)
180
Why Are Children More Prone to Head Injuries?
- Larger head-to-body ratio
- Weaker neck muscles
- Thinner skull bones
