Special definitions Flashcards
Anabolism
The process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids.
Catabolism
The process where complex nutrients are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released.
Cell Membrane
Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and what leaves the cell.
Chromosomes
rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes.
Cytoplasm
All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane.
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome. Controls the activities of the cell.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell. Large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces here.
Genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome.
Karyotype
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell.
Metabolism
total of the chemical process in a cell which includes anabolism and catabolism.
Mitochondria
Structures in the cytoplasm that provide principal source of energy. Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell. contains chromosomes and controls activities of the cell.
Adipose tissue
collection of fat cells.
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints.
Epithelial cells
Skin cells that cover the outside of the body line the internal surfaces of organs.
Histologist
Specialist in the study of tissues.
Larynx
Voice box.
Located in the upper part of the trachea.
Pharynx
Throat.
Common passageway for food and air.
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
Thyroid gland
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.
Ureter
one of two tubes leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
Trachea
Windpipe.
Leads from throat to bronchial tubes.
Urethra
Tube from urinary bladder to outside the body.
Uterus
Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.
