Special Areas

Question 0

What are the contents of the quadrangular space?

Answer 0

Posterior circumflex humeral artery and axillary nerve (C5,C6)

Question 1

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Answer 1

Teres major, teres minor, surgical head of the humerus, and long tendon of the triceps brachii

Question 2

What is the apex of the axilla?

Answer 2

Cervico-axillary canal - bounded by the first rib, clavicle, and superior edge of the scapula

Question 3

What are the boundaries (walls) of the axilla?

Answer 3

Anterior wall - pec major, pec minor, and pectoral and clavipectoral fascia
Posterior wall - scapula, subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi
Medial wall - thoracic wall and serratus anterior
Lateral wall - intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Question 4

What is the base of the axilla?

Answer 4

Concave skin, subcutaneous tissue, and axillary fascia - forms the axillary fossa (armpit)

Question 5

What are the contents of the axilla?

Answer 5

Axillary artery and its branches, axillary vein and its tributaries, nerves of chords and branches of the brachial plexus, lymphatic vessels, and several groups of axillary lymph nodes

Question 6

What are the divisions of the axilla?

Answer 6

First, second, and third part of the axillary artery

Question 7

What artery is the axillary artery a continuation of?

Answer 7

Subclavian artery

Question 8

What does the axillary artery continue distally as?

Answer 8

Brachial artery

Question 9

What does the brachial artery continue distally as?

Answer 9

Radial and ulnar artery

Question 10

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

Answer 10

Superiorly - imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
Medially - pronator teres
Laterally - brachioradialis

Question 11

What are the boundaries of the triangular space?

Answer 11

Teres major and teres minor

Question 12

What are the contents of the triangular space?

Answer 12

Circumflex scapular artery

Question 13

What are the boundaries of the triceps hiatus?

Answer 13

Triceps brachii, humerus, and teres major

Question 14

What are the contents of the triceps hiatus?

Answer 14

Deep artery of the arm and radial nerve

Question 15

What is the floor of the snuff box?

Answer 15

Radial artery, scaphoid, and trapezium

Question 16

What are borders of the snuff box?

Answer 16

Extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Question 17

What can be palpated in the snuff box?

Answer 17

Radial styloid process proximally and the base of the first metacarpal distally

Question 18

What is the floor or the cubital fossa?

Answer 18

Brachialis and supinator muscles

Question 19

What is the roof of the cubital fossa?

Answer 19

Continuity of the brachial and antebrachial fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis, subcutaneous tissue, and the skin

Question 20

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 20

Terminal part of the brachial artery and the commencement of its terminal branches (the radial and ulnar arteries) accompanying veins of the arteries, biceps brachii tendon, median nerve, and the radial nerve dividing into superficial and deep branches

Question 22

What are the main contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

Answer 22

TAN - biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Question 23

What is the extensor mechanism?

Answer 23

Comprised of the extensor digitorum, lumbricals, interossei, and a series on non-contractile tissue which contribute to the extension of the digits