Ligaments and Joints Flashcards
Sternoclavicular (SC) joint
Joint is a synovial saddle articulation between the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage - mobility in all planes
What structures run over and under the transverse scapular ligament?
Suprascapular nerve (under ligament) and suprascapular artery (over ligament)
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint
- Joint is a plane synovial articulation located 2-3 cm from the “point” of the shoulder formed by the lateral part of the acromion of the scapula - allows sliding motions
- Disc is fibrocartilage
Conoid ligament
Part of the CC ligament - attached to the root of the coracoid process and to the conoid tubercle on the inferior surface of the clavicle
Coracoclavicular ligament
Strong ligament located several centimeters from the AC joint and anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula -separated into the conoid and trapezoid ligaments
Glenohumeral (GH) joint
Ball and socket synovial joint that permits wide range of movements but makes the joint relatively unstable
Trapezoid ligament
Part of the CC ligament - attached to the superior surface of the coracoid process and extends laterally and posteriorly to the trapezoid line on the inferior surface of the scapula
Glenoid labrum
Deepening of the GH joint - ring-like and made of fibrocartilage
Transverse humeral ligament
Broad fibrous band that runs from the greater and lesser tubercle, bridging over the intertubercular sulcus and converting the groove into a canal for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii and its synovial sheath
Coracoacromial ligament
Spans between the acromion and the coracoid process in the coracoacromial arch
Elbow joint
Hinge synovial joint located 2 to 3 cm inferior to the humeral epicondyles
Humeroulnar joint
Uniaxial hinge joint between the humerus and the ulna comprising the elbow joint that allows for flexion and extension
Radiohumeral joint
Uniaxial hinge joint between the radius and the humerus comprising the elbow joint that allows for flexion and extension
Proximal radioulnar joint
Uniaxial pivot synovial joint that allows movement of the head of the radius on the ulna and allows for supination and pronation
Radial collateral ligament
Extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and blends distally - also known as lateral collateral ligament - not as strong as MCL
Ulnar collateral ligament
- Extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna - also known as the medial collateral ligament
- Has three bands: posterior, anterior, and oblique
A tight posterior band of the MCL would cause?
Difficulty with flexion
A tight anterior band of the MCL would cause?
Difficulty with extension
Scapulohumeral rhythm
For every 3 degrees of elevation, 2 degrees occurs at GH joint and 1 degree occurs at scapulothoracic joint
Annular ligament
Encircles and holds the head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna, forming the proximal radioulnar joint and permitting pronation and supination
Carrying angle
Lateral deviation due to articulation of humerus with the ulna
Volar carpal ligament
Ligament that runs over the Guyon’s cannal - houses ulnar artery and nerve
What are the two articulations of the distal radioulnar joint?
Head of ulna and ulnar notch on radius
What are the two articulations on the proximal radioulnar joint?
Radial head and the radial notch on the ulna
What are the two articulations of the humeroulnar joint?
Trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus
What are the two articulations of the radiohumeral joint?
Head of the radius and the capitulum
The elbow joint is most stable in what position?
Extension
What is the function of the TFCC (triangular fibrocartilage complex)?
Series of ligamentous structures that bridges the gap between the ulna and the carpals to stabilize the ulnar side of the wrist - has a disc and includes the radioulnar ligament
What bone is the supinator fossa on?
Ulna
What is the function of the oblique cord?
Holds the radius and ulna together
What is the function of the interosseous membrane?
Prevents proximal displacement of the radius on the ulna
What is the function of a bursa?
Fluid-filled sac that allows the tendon to move over bone and helps to minimize friction
What bone is Lister’s tubercle on?
Radius
What are the two ligaments are the wrist joint?
Extrinsic ligaments: ulnar collateral ligament and radial collateral ligament
What is the ulnar collateral ligament?
Runs from the ulnar styloid process to the triquetrium
What is the radial collateral ligament?
Runs from the radial styloid process to the scaphoid
What is the function of the flexor retinaculum?
Holds the tendons close to the ulna and radius
Where do the heads of the metacarpals lay?
Distal palmar crease
What is the function of the tendinous sheath in the fingers?
Helps to facilitate ease of gliding - has synovial fluid
Oblique retinacular ligament
Tightens when there is passive flexion of the DIP (when you extend PIP the DIP goes with it) - part of oblique ligamentous structures of extensor mechanism
