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Spain Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Rioja DOCa traverses which four autonomous communities?

A

La Rioja, Basque Country, Navarra and Castilla y Léon

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2
Q

What are ‘lagares’?

A

Stone troughs used for crushing grapes

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3
Q

What is ‘Vino de Pago’?

A

A Vino de Pago is a designation awarded to a single estate that may exist within or outside of a DO. Few Vinos de Pago are found within prestigious appellations. Vinos de Pago must be estate bottled and the vineyard owned by the winery operating in its bounds.

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4
Q

When was ‘Vino de Pago’ established?

A

2003

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5
Q

Which autonomous regions are located in between Galicia and Basque Country?

A
  • Asturias
  • Cantabria
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6
Q

Name some of the most important Spanish rivers from north to south.

A

Miño, Ebro, Duero, Tagus, Guadiana, and Guadalquivir.

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7
Q

Which 2 autonomous regions are located off the mainland Spain?

A

The Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands off the coast of Northern Africa.

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8
Q

Name the two main mountain ranges in Spain.

A
  • Meseta Central
  • Sistema Central
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9
Q

Name other mountain ranges in Spain.

A

Pyrenees, Cantabrian Mountains (begin in Galicia and run parallel to northern coast), Sistema Ibérico (stretches from Castilla y Léon to Valencia), Sierra Morena, Sistema Penibético (has Sierra Nevada range in it).

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10
Q

Name 3 wind patterns that affect temperatures in Spain.

A

Poniente, Leveche and Levante.

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11
Q

Describe the 3 wind patterns in Spain.

A

The Poniente blows from the west, bringing cold air from the Atlantic, while the Leveche brings in hot, drying currents from the African desert. Another warm—but humid—wind, the Levante, comes in from the east, funnels through Gibraltar, and can be felt throughout southeast Spain.

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12
Q

When were the first Spanish Denominaciones de Origen (DOs) awarded?

A

1932

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13
Q

What is the lowest-quality tier of Spanish wine?

A

Vino de Mesa (VdM) - table wine. These wines can be blended from various areas of the country but by law will bear no region on the label, although they can list the address of the registered bottler or, if within an established DO, only the postal code. Since 2008, these wines have been allowed to state both vintage and variety.

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14
Q

What is the second lowest-quality tier of Spanish wine?

A

Vino de la Tierra (VdlT) will come from within a confined area of varying size, from a collection of villages to a whole autonomous community. The VdlT might also be used for quality wines made by experimental winemakers looking to operate outside the confines of higher-tier regulations. Both VdM and VdlT wines fall under the broader table wine umbrella within European Union law, while VdlT wines are also designated Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), which mandates that 85% of grapes derive from a given area.

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15
Q

What are the Spanish tiers that qualify for PDOs (Protected Denominations of Origin)?

A

Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica (VC or VCIG), Denominación de Origen (DO), Denominación de Origen Calificada (DOCa), and Vino de Pago (VP).

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16
Q

When was Rioja awarded with DOCa status?

A

1991

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17
Q

When was Priorat awarded with DOCa status?

A

2009

It usually features the Catalan translation Denominació d’Origen Qualificada (DOQ) on its labels.

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18
Q

Which autonomous region has the highest concentration of Vinos de Pago?

A

Castilla- La Mancha

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19
Q

For how long does an estate need to be in production before applying for Vino de Pago?

A

The estate must be in production for a minimum of 10 years before applying for Vino de Pago status.

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20
Q

Name the Vinos de Pago of Navarra.

A

Arinzano (2007), Prado de Arache (2008), Otazu (2009) and Bolandin (2022)

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21
Q

Ageing requirements Gran Reserva White and Rosado in Rioja.

A

Minimum 4 years total; at least 6 months in oak (remainder must be in bottle or oak)

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22
Q

What’s the size of the barrel in Rioja?

A

The oak casks in Rioja must have an approximate capacity of 225 litres.

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23
Q

What is the fifth most widely planted variety and second most widely planted white varietal globally?

A

Airén (vigorous, drought-resistant. Giving indistinctive wines, like Ugni Blanc for Cognac)

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24
Q

Describe Albariño as a varietal in the vineyard.

A

In the vineyard, Albariño is susceptible to mildew, but its thicker skins make it less prone to botrytis, allowing it to succeed in the damp climate of Rías Baixas. It proves particularly well adapted to granite soils and ripens early to mid-season. In Rías Baixas, some Albariño vines as old as 300 years remain in production.

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25
Q

Describe Albariño as a wine.

A

Wines vinified from Albariño are often identified by their elevated acidity and saline, peachy flavors. Also typical are gentle floral aromatics and bitterness on the palate. Depending on style, Albariño can be crafted into lighter, crisp white wines intended for immediate consumption, as well as more structured renditions, with extended lees contact and capacity to age. A few producers ferment and mature in oak.

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26
Q

What’s the Portuguese region south of Galicia called?

A

Minho

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27
Q

Describe wine made from Godello.

A

Godello is widely praised for its freshness and stony, savory character, which is matched with a medium-full body. The grape also has the potential for longevity.

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28
Q

What’s the grape synonym for Palomino Fino on the Canary Islands?

A

Listán Blanco

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29
Q

Describe Parellada as a grape variety.

A

Parellada is one of the three primary Cava varieties and is appreciated as a softening agent. Its more moderate acidity, as well as its apple flavors and delicate floral aromas, can add delicacy to the more muscular Xarel·lo and Macabeo.

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30
Q

Name 3 main varietals for Cava production.

A

Macabeo
Parellada
Xarel•lo

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31
Q

Verdejo is native to which Spanish appellation?

A

Rueda

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32
Q

Describe Xarel•lo.

A

It is employed to add structure and increase aging capacity, as well as for its persistent acidity. With richer fruit flavors, Xarel·lo can add body to Cava’s mid-palate. Such attributes are also enjoyed in Xarel·lo’s still wines; for these, it is generally considered one of the most distinguished white varieties of Catalonia.

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33
Q

What’s the native grape varietal of Utiel-Requena in Valencia?

A

Bobal

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34
Q

Name synonyms for Cariñena.

A

Mazuelo
Crujillón
Samsó

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35
Q

What’s another name for Garnacha Tintorera?

A

Alicante Bouschet - a teinturier variety with both skin and flesh being red. Inky and tannic wines are the result.

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36
Q

Alicante Bouschet is a cross between which varietals?

A

Garnacha x Petit Bouschet

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37
Q

Which region is Listan Negro native to?

A

Canary Islands

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38
Q

Where are Monastrell vines concentrated in Spain?

A

In Spain, Monastrell plantings are most concentrated to the southeast, in Valencia, Murcia, and Castilla-La Mancha. It finds particular success in the appellations Jumilla and Alicante, where many old vine plantings can be found.

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39
Q

Fondillón, the historic oxidative and off-dry late-harvest wine of Alicante, is made from which varietal?

A

Monastrell

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40
Q

Name synonyms for Tempranillo.

A

Cencibel (Valdepeñas)

Tinto del País (Ribera del Duero)

Tinta de Toro (Toro)

Tinto Fino (Ribera del Duero)

Tinto Roriz/Aragonez (Portugal)

Ull de Llebre (Catalonia)

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41
Q

Describe Tempranillo as a grape variety.

A

Depending on style, Tempranillo can produce a broad array of red to black fruit notes, though its more savory flavors, including leather, earth, and dried herbs, are most often identified. It is responsive to a variety of winemaking techniques, and top-flight examples might be aged in century-old or new American or European oak barrels, among other vessels.

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42
Q

Describe traditional Spanish rosado wines.

A

The most traditional rosados are aged for long periods in American oak and are higher in alcohol and deeper in pigment than more contemporary bottlings.

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43
Q

Which river separates Spain and Portugal?

A

Minho

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44
Q

How are local estates called in Rias Baixas?

A

‘Pazos’

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45
Q

What’s the predominant soil type in Rias Baixas?

A

Much of the region is planted on decomposed granite, called xabre, with low water retention that serves the rainy environment well.

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46
Q

What are the subregions of Rias Baixas?

A

Val do Salnés, Ribeira do Ulla, Soutomaior, O Rosal, and Condado do Tea

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47
Q

Which subregions of Rias Baixas border Portugal?

A

O Rosal and Condado do Tea

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48
Q

How are vines historically trained in Rias Baixas?

A

Trained to a ‘parral’ or pergola

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49
Q

Name varietals other than Albarino that are planted in Rias Baixas?

A

Whites - Loureiro, Treixadura, Caíno Blanco, Torrontés and Godello.

Reds - Caíno Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón, Mencía and Brancellao.

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50
Q

How many percent of Albarino must be in the wine to be varietally bottled in Rias Baixas?

A

100%

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51
Q

What is Vino Tostado?

A

A Spanish ‘toasted wine’. A dried grape wine similar to Tuscan vin santo. Red or white grapes are left to dry for a minimum of 3 months. Wines are then fermented and aged in oak or sherry casks for a minimum of 6 months, followed by a minimum of 3 months in bottle before release.

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52
Q

Which rivers converge in Ribeiro?

A

Mino and Avia. Arnoia joins just south of the town Ribadavia.

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53
Q

What are the 3 main white grape varietals of Galicia?

A

Albarino
Godello
Treixadura

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54
Q

Name the vineyards of Lopez de Heredia.

A

Tondonia
López de Heredia owns three more vineyards also set in the Rioja Alta region. These are the
“Viña Cubillo” from Vina Cubillas vineyard
“Viña Bosconia” - bigger and earthy wines.
“Viña Zaconia” - Vina Gravonia is made from this vineyard. Planted to Viura.

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55
Q

Which wines can be varietally labelled in Valdeorras?

A

White: Godello
Red: Mencia

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56
Q

River Sil flows through which regions in Galicia and Castilla y Leon?

A

Ribeira Sacra and Valdeorras
Bierzo

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57
Q

Subzones Navarra?

A

Baja Montana
Tierra Estella
Valdizarbe
Ribera Alta
Ribera Baja

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58
Q

Name the 5 subzones of Navarra.

A

Valdizarbe (high altitude)
Baja Montana
Tierra Estella (both in north)
Ribera Alta (center)
Ribera Baja (hot southern section)

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59
Q

Name the 4 DO’s of Aragon.

A

Campo de Borja, Calatayud, Carinena and Somontano.

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60
Q

Name 3 top producers in Toro.

A

Farina
Numanthia-Termes
Vega Sicilia’s Bodegas Pintia

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61
Q

Where is the Dehesa la Granje estate? Who founded it?

A

In Zamora DO, west of Toro.
Founded by Alejandro Fernandez of Pesquera.

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62
Q

Name the 5 original ‘Clos’ wines in Priorat.

A

Barbier’s Clos Mogador
Palacios’ Clos Dofi
Clos Erasmus
Clos de l’Obac
Clos Martinet

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63
Q

Name the sub valleys of Rioja Alta.

A

Oja, Najerilla, Iregua

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64
Q

Name mountain ranges around Rioja.

A

Obarees Mountains, Sierra de Cantabria in the North, Sierra de la Demanda and Iberico Mountains in the south

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65
Q

Name famous DO’s in Levante.

A

Alicante, Jumilla, Yecla, Valencia and Utiel-Requena.

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66
Q

Where could I find Ribera del Guadiana DO?

A

In Extremadura.

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67
Q

Under which DO are table wines released in Málaga?

A

Sierras de Málaga DO.

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68
Q

What’s the western most DO of Castilla Y León?

A

Arribes DO

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69
Q

What’s the specialty grape of Arribes?

A

Brunal - also known as Alfrocheiro in Portugal.

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70
Q

Name the first DO Pago in Spain? Where is it located?

A

Dominio de Valdepusa near Toledo, Méntrida, Castilla la Mancha.

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71
Q

Name the smallest Vino de Pago?

A

Vallegarcía, 1.5 hectares, Castilla La-Mancha

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72
Q

Name Bierzo’s greatest terroir.

A

Corullón. Alvaro Palacios and Ricardo Pérez make a top bottling here.

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73
Q

What did Alejandro Fernández establish?

A

Pesquera in Ribera del Duero

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74
Q

Spanish grape synonym for Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains?

A

Moscatel de Grano Menudo

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75
Q

Name the famous Vino de Pago in the Tierra Estella subzone of Navarra.

A

Arinzano.

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76
Q

Name of the Rioja joint venture between Vega Sicilia and Baron Benjamin de Rothschild of Château Clarke?

A

Macán

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77
Q

When was the first vintage of Pingus produced?

A

In 1995.

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78
Q

Where could I find the grape variety Callet?

A

Mallorca

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79
Q

What is Vino de Aguja in Utiel Requena?

A

Semi sparkling wine

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80
Q

Training system in Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda DO?

A

Vara y pulgar (“stick and thumb”)

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81
Q

What are the white grapes of Rueda?

A

Verdejo
Sauvignon Blanc
Viura
Palomino Fino

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82
Q

What is Dorado wine?

A

Fortified wine from Rueda. Aged for a total of 4 years. Aged in wood for min 2 years. Solera style. Aged in demi-johns. Rancio style.

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83
Q

Name two large producers of Cava.

A

Freixenet and Codorníu.

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84
Q

Name red varieties of Galicia.

A

The reds include Merenzao, Caíño Tinto, Sousón, Brancellao, Mouratón, and Espadeiro.

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85
Q

When Peter Sisseck arrived in Ribera del Duero, for which winery did he start working?

A

Hacienda Monasterio

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86
Q

What’s the second project of Vega Sicilia in Ribera del Duero called?

A

Alión

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87
Q

Name two prominent Rioja producers with a self sustaining approach to viticulture as opposed to buying in fruit.

A

Contino
Remelluri

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88
Q

Which other wineries are owned by CVNE?

A

Vina Real
Contino (Rioja Alavesa)

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89
Q

Most famous and traditional wine of CVNE?

A

Imperial

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90
Q

Name 3 famous producers in Rioja Alavesa.

A

Artadi
Remelluri
Contino

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91
Q

What’s the dividing line between Rioja Alta and Rioja Oriental?

A

Iregua River

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92
Q

True or false - grapes ripen roughly a week later in Rioja Alta than in Rioja Alavesa.

A

True

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93
Q

Name the local white grape variety of Somontano.

A

Alcanón

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94
Q

Local red grapes of Somontano?

A

Parraleta
Moristel

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95
Q

What does Cava de Paraje Calificado refers to?

A

Single-vineyard Cava

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96
Q

Name the DO Pagos of Valencia.

A

Los Balagueses
Chozas Carrascal
El Terrerazo
Vera de Estenas

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97
Q

Name the subzones of Valencia DO.

A

Alto Turia
Clariano
Valentino
Moscatel de Valencia

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98
Q

Name the two principal grapes in Valencia’s Alto Turia.

A

Merseguera
Macabeo

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99
Q

What are the DO’s of Murcia?

A

Yecla
Jumilla
Bullas

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4
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100
Q

Describe Sobremadre wines in Vinos de Madrid DO.

A

Traditional style for both red and orange wines, where skin contact is permitted without racking for up to 180 days.

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101
Q

Name the DO’s of the Balearic Islands.

A

Pla i Llevant
Binissalem

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102
Q

What are the DO’s of Tenerife?

A

Tacoronte-Acentejo
Valle de la Orotava
Ycoden-Daute-Isora
Abona
Valle de Güímar

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103
Q

Which islands form the Canary Islands?

A

La Palma
El Hierro
La Gomera
Tenerife
Gran Canaria
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote

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104
Q

Through which region runs the Guadalquivir river?

A

Andalucia

105
Q

Through which regions flows the Tajo?

A

Madrid, La Mancha and Extremadura (ends in Lisbon)

106
Q

Ageing requirement for a Crianza Red and White?

A

Red - minimum 2 years total; at least 6 months in oak

White - Minimum 18 months total; at least 6 in oak

Oak must have max capacity of 330 litres

107
Q

Ageing requirements Reserva Red and White?

A

Red - min 3 years total; 1 year oak
White - min 2 years total; 6m oak

108
Q

Ageing requirements Gran Reserva Red and White?

A

Red - minimum 5 years total; at least 18 months in oak
White - minimum 4 years total; at least 6 months in oak

109
Q

What does Joven refer to?

A

‘Young’ wine with minimal to no oak influence

110
Q

What does Noble refer to?

A

Min 18 months total in oak or bottle

Oak must have a max capacity of 600 litres

111
Q

What does Anejo refer to?

A

Min 2 years total in oak or in bottle

Max oak capacity 600 litres

112
Q

What does Viejo refer to?

A

Minimum 3 years in oak and demonstrates marked oxidative character

113
Q

What’s the most common Rioja white blend?

A

Macabeo/ Viura and Garnacha Blanca

114
Q

What is Palomino Fino known as on Canary Islands?

A

Listan Blanco

115
Q

What gives Parellada to Cava blend?

A

Soft acidity and floral finesse.
Macabeo and Xarel.lo are more muscular.

116
Q

To which DO is Bobal native?

A

Utiel-Requena DO in Valencia.

117
Q

Name grape synonyms for Carinena.

A

Mazuelo
Samso

118
Q

Grape synonym for Alicante Bouschet?

A

Garnacha Tintorera. Garnacha x Petit Bouschet

119
Q

Which grape is native to Canary Islands?

A

Listan Negro. Not related to Listan Blanco neither to Listan Prieto.

120
Q

In which two DO’s is Mencia widely grown?

A

Bierzo
Ribeira Sacra

121
Q

In which region is Jumilla DO located?

A

Murcia

122
Q

What’s Valdepenas’ grape synonym for Tempranillo?

A

Cencibel

123
Q

What’s the Catalan grape synonym for Tempranillo?

A

Ull de Llebre

124
Q

What’s Tempranillo called in Portugal?

A

Tinta Roriz
Tinta Aragonez

125
Q

Name the DO’s of Galicia.

A

Rias Baixas
Ribeiro
Ribeira Sacra
Valdeorras
Monterrei

126
Q

Varietal breakdown when labelled as Condado do Tea?

A

Min 70% Albarino and Treixadura

127
Q

Varietal breakdown when labelled Val do Salnes or Ribeira do Ulla?

A

At least 70% Albarino, Loureira, Treixadura and Caino Blanco.

128
Q

Varietal breakdown when labelled O Rosal?

A

At least 70% Albarino and Loureira.

129
Q

Name 3 red grapes of Rias Baixas.

A

Caíno Tinto, Espadeiro, Loureira Tinta, Sousón, Mencía and Brancellao.

130
Q

What’s the principal grape variety of Ribeira Sacra?

A

Mencia.

131
Q

Name main white grape of Basque Country.

A

Hondarrabi Zuri

132
Q

Name main red grape of Basque Country.

A

Hondarrabi Beltza

133
Q

Name the Basque Country/ Txakoli DO’s.

A

Txakoli de Bizkaia
Txakoli de Getaria
Txakoli de Álava

134
Q

Name the DO’s of Castilla Y Leon.

A

Bierzo
Rueda
Toro
Ribera del Duero
Arlanza
Cigales
Leon
Tierro del Vino de Zamora
Arribes

135
Q

Name of the river that flows through Bierzo?

A

Sil.

136
Q

Name two subzones of Bierzo.

A

Bajo Bierzo (clay)
Alta Bierzo (quartz and slate)

137
Q

Name the principal red grapes of Bierzo.

A

Mencia
Garnacha Tintorera
Estaldina
Merenzao

138
Q

Name the principal white grapes of Bierzo.

A

Godello
Dona Blanca
Malvasia
Palomino

139
Q

What are the main varieties for Rueda’s Dorado wine?

A

Verdejo and Palomino

140
Q

Minimal 50% of which white grapes need to go into Rueda whites?

A

Min 50% Verdejo or Sauvignon Blanc

141
Q

What does Gran Vino de Rueda refer to?

A

It must come from vines at least 30 years old.

142
Q

What are the red grapes of Rueda?

A

Tempranillo
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Garnacha

143
Q

When were Pesquera and Pingus founded in Ribera del Duero?

A

Pesquera - 1972
Pingus - 1995

144
Q

What’s the second wine of Pingus?

A

Flor de Pingus: 100% Tempranillo. Aged in a mix of old and new barrique for about 14 months. Inaugural vintage 1996.

145
Q

Name climatic hazards in Ribera del Duero.

A

Frost
Hail

146
Q

What’s the grape synonym for Tempranillo in Ribera del Duero?

A

Tinto Fino
Tinto del Pais

147
Q

What’s the allowed white grape in Ribera del Duero?

A

Albillo Mayor

148
Q

RdD - ageing requirements red crianza?

A

2 Years total
1 Year in wood

149
Q

RdD - ageing requirements reserva red?

A

3 Years in total
1 Year in wood

150
Q

RdD - ageing requirements red gran reserva?

A

5 Years total
2 Years in wood

151
Q

Compare Ribera del Duero’s wines to Rioja’s wines.

A

RdD generally more dark fruited and more tannic than Rioja. Reasons: the land, the Bordeaux varieties and biotypes of Tinto Fino.

152
Q

Describe altitude of Ribera del Duero and Rioja.

A

Ribera del Duero: 800-850 metres
Rioja: majority between 300-500 metres

153
Q

Ageing requirements for Ribera del Duero whites?

A

Crianza 18 months
Reserva 2 years
Gran reserva 4 years
All of them 6 months in wood

154
Q

What is the native grape of Tierra de Leon DO?

A

Prieto Picudo

155
Q

Describe Toro’s climate and soils.

A

Very dry, less than 400mm of rain.
Cool continental climate at 620 to 840 metres.

Soils are very sandy with brown limestone as top layer.

156
Q

Name and style of Toro’s Tempranillo?

A

Tinta do Toro.
Rustic, full-throttle wines also known as ‘Bull’s Blood’.

157
Q

What percentage of which grape needs to go into Toro reds?

A

75% Tempranillo
Or
85% Garnacha

158
Q

What are the white grapes of Toro?

A

Verdejo
Malvasia Castellana
Albillo Real
Muscat à Petits Grains

159
Q

Which DO is located in between Arribes and Toro?

A

Tierra del Vino de Zamora DO

160
Q

Name the regions of Ebro River Valley.

A

La Rioja
Navarra
Aragon

161
Q

Name centennial wineries in Rioja.

A

Lopez de Heredia
CVNE
La Rioja Alta
Bodegas Marques de Murrieta
Bodegas Riojanas
Bodegas Faustino
Bodegas Marques de Riscal

162
Q

Between which two mountain ranges is Rioja sandwiched?

A

Cantabrian Mountains and Pyrenees in the north
Iberico Mountains in the south

163
Q

How can vintages be described?

A

Atlantic - cool and wet
Mediterranean - warm and dry

164
Q

What’s the major mountain range in Rioja Oriental called?

A

Yerga Mountains

165
Q

In which province is Rioja Alavesa located?

A

In Alava province in Basque Country

166
Q

Describe soils of Oja Valley?

A

Chalk

167
Q

Describe soils of Najerilla Valley.

A

Iron-rich clay

168
Q

What are blending partners for Tempranillo in Rioja?

A

Garnacha
Graciano
Mazuelo/ Carinena
Maturana Tinta/ Trousseau

169
Q

Ageing requirement for Rioja’s Espumoso?

A

Min 15 months on lees

170
Q

Allowed white grapes in Rioja?

A

Viura
Malvasia
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Verdejo
Garnacha Blanca
Maturana Blanca
Tempranillo Blanca
Turruntes

171
Q

Ageing requirements Rioja crianza?

A

White - 18 months, 6 in oak
Red - 2 years, 1 in oak

172
Q

Ageing requirements Rioja Reserva?

A

White - 2 years, 6 in oak
Red - 3 years, 1 in oak and 6 months in bottle

173
Q

Ageing requirements Rioja Gran Reserva?

A

White - 4 years, 6 months in oak
Red - 5 years, 2 in oak and 2 in bottle

174
Q

What are the requirements for Rioja’s Vinedo Singular regulation?

A

Sites with vines need to be at least 35 years old
Hand harvesting mandated
Lower yields required
Vinification must happen at the estate

175
Q

Main city in Navarra?

A

Pamplona

176
Q

What wine style is dominant in Navarra’s Baja Montana?

A

Rosado

177
Q

Allowed white and red grapes in Navarra?

A

W - Garnacha Blanca, Macabeo, Malvasia, Moscatel de Grano Menudo, Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

R - Tempranillo, Garnacha Tinta, Graciano, Mazuelo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah and Pinot Noir

178
Q

Main city Aragon?

A

Zaragoza

179
Q

Main grape Calatayud DO?

A

Garnacha

180
Q

Main grapes of Carinena DO?

A

DO established in 1932.
Garnacha and Tempranillo are main grapes.

181
Q

Which DO in Aragon borders France?

A

Somontano

182
Q

Wine styles in Somontano DO?

A

Blanco, Rosado, Tinto, Vino de Licor, Vino Espumoso and Vino Naturalmente Dulce

183
Q

What does the term ‘Roble’ refers to in Somontano?

A

Wines that have been aged for a min 45 days in oak for whites and a min 90 days in oak for reds

184
Q

White grapes of Somontano?

A

Gewürztraminer
Riesling
Chardonnay
Garnacha Blanca
Sauvignon Blanc
Alcanon

185
Q

Name local white grape of Somontano.

A

Alcanon

186
Q

Red grapes of Somontano?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, plus Tempranillo, Syrah, Garnacha Tinta, Moristel, Pinot Noir and Parraleta

187
Q

Name the DO’s of Catalonia.

A

Penedes
Conca de Barbera
Tarragona
Priorat
Monsant
Terra Alta
Costers del Segre
Alella
Pla de Bages
Emporda

188
Q

Capital of Cava production?

A

Sant Sadurní d’Anoia

189
Q

What are the 3 zones of Penedes?

A

Penedes Superior - 500-850m near inland mountain range
Penedes Maritim - between sea and coastal hills
Penedes Central - in between 2 other zones

190
Q

What’s the main grape in Terra Alta DO?

A

Garnacha Blanca for whites
Carinena for reds

191
Q

Where could I find Falset?

A

High-altitude town in Monsant DO, just outside of Priorat DOCa.

192
Q

Name a historic producer that helped shaping Priorat’s wine industry.

A

Casa Scala Dei.

193
Q

Which winemakers were involved in Rene Barbier’s project from 1989?

A

Jose Luis Perez - Mas Martinet
Daphe Glorian - Clos Erasmus
Alvaro Palacios - Finca Dofi and L’Ermita
Carles Pastrana - Clos de l’Obac

194
Q

Describe Priorat’s main soil type.

A

Llicorella
Composed of schist, mica and quartz. Layers are filled with clay. Soil has a black-red surface and allows roots to stretch deep for water. Heat reflects on vines. Low yielding soils (good concentration in wines).

195
Q

Name of the river that cuts through Priorat?

A

Siurana

196
Q

Which mountain protects Priorat from northwest?

A

Sierra de Monsant

197
Q

Name the 12 villages of Priorat.

A

Bellmunt del Priorat
Solanes del Molar
El Lloar
La Vilella Baixa
La Vilella Alta
Escaladei
La Morera de Montsant
Poboleda
Porrera
Masos de Falset
Gratallops
Torroja del Priorat

198
Q

What does Vi de Finca refer to in Priorat?

A

Single zone or single vineyard.
E.g. Clos Mogador, Vall Llach’s Mas de la Rosa

199
Q

What does Vi de Paratge mean in Priorat?

A

Delimited zones, similar to Burgundy’s lieu-dit concept.

200
Q

What does Vi de Guarda mean in Priorat?

A

Min 12 months in oak (negre only)

201
Q

Age of Velles Vinyes in Priorat?

A

Vines planted before 1945 or vines at least 75 years of age.

202
Q

Minimum age of Vi de Vinya Classificada and Vi de Gran Vinya Classificada?

A

20 years
35 years

203
Q

White grapes of Priorat?

A

Garnacha Blanca
Macabeo
Pedro Ximenez
Chenin Blanc
Moscatell d’Alexandria/ Gra Petit
Xarel.lo
Picapoll
Viognier

204
Q

Red grapes of Priorat?

A

Garnacha
Carinyena
Plus:
Garnacha Peluda, CS, CF, Ull de Llebre, Pinot Noir, Syrah, Merlot, Picapoll Negre

205
Q

Name a famous producer based in Logrono.

A

Marquis de Murrieta

206
Q

White grapes of Valencia DO?

A

Macabeo
Malvasia
Merseguera
Moscatel de Alejandria
Pedro Ximénez
Planta Fina de Pedralba
Chardonnay

207
Q

Red grapes of Valencia DO?

A

Garnacha
Tempranillo
Monastrell
Tintorera
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot

208
Q

Alicante DO is most associated with which wine style and grape?

A

Full-bodied Monastrell wines.

209
Q

How is Alicante’s Fondillon made?

A

Monastrell grapes harvested in early to mid-November. Fermentation naturally halts off-dry, 20-50 grams rs. No fortification. Wines will eventually enter a modified solera system in large oak barrels.

210
Q

What variety is used for Jumilla’s vinos de licor?

A

Monastrell only

211
Q

2 Main white varietals used in Murcia?

A

Macabeo
Merseguera

212
Q

What’s the DO called in Madrid region?

A

Vinos de Madrid DO

213
Q

What refers Madrid’s Sobremadre wine style to?

A

Traditional wines produced by long maceration - skin contact for up to 180 days.

214
Q

Authorized white grapes in Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

Malvar
Albillo
Airén
Viura
Torrontés
Parellada
Moscatel de Grano Menudo

215
Q

Authorized red grapes in Vinos de Madrid DO?

A

Tinto Fino
Garnacha Tinta
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon
Syrah

216
Q

Name DO’s of Castilla - La Mancha.

A

Almansa
La Mancha
Manchuela
Méntrida
Mondéjar
Ribera del Júcar
Uclés
Valdepenas

217
Q

Grape synonym for Tempranillo in La Mancha DO?

A

Cencibel

218
Q

Most widely planted white grape in La Mancha DO?

A

Airen

219
Q

Main grapes of Valdepenas DO?

A

White - Airen
Red - Tempranillo

220
Q

In which region could I find Ucles DO and Mondejar DO?

A

Castilla La-Mancha

221
Q

What is the DO of Extremadura?

A

Ribera del Guadiana

222
Q

Name the DO’s of Andalucia.

A

Condado de Huelva
Granada
Jerez-Xeres-Sherry
Manzanilla Sanlucar de Barrameda
Montilla Moriles
Malaga
Sierras de Malaga

223
Q

Two major styles of Condado?

A

Pálido - ‘pale’ and aged biologically under flor like a Fino Sherry
Viejo - ‘old’ and is fortified between 17 and 22% alochol, the wines are aged oxidatively and resemble Sherry Oloroso

224
Q

Describe wine styles in both Málaga DO and Sierras de Málaga DO?

A

Malaga is designated for sweet wines
Sierras de Malaga refers to dry table white, rosado and red wines from the same area. Less than 12gr. RS per litre. Aged for a minimum of 2 years (6 months in oak).

225
Q

Main varieties in Malaga?

A

Pedro Ximénez
Moscatel de Alejandria
Moscatel Morisco (Moscatel de Grano Menudo)

226
Q

True or false - Dry white wines can also be produced under the Malaga DO, so long as they are comprised of 70% Pedro Ximenez, Moscatel de Alejandria, or Moscatel de Grano Menudo.

A

True

227
Q

What is Vino de uvas sobremaduradas in Malaga?

A

Late harvest wine made from overripe grapes left to dehydrate on the vine.

228
Q

What is arrope in Malaga?

A

A syrupy boiled-down must to sweeten the wines.

229
Q

What are the Balearic Islands?

A

Ibiza
Formentera
Mallorca
Menorca

230
Q

Name two DO’s of Mallorca.

A

Binissalem DO
Pla i Llevant DO

231
Q

Two synonyms for Moscatel in Spanish?

A

Moscatel de Grano Menudo
Moscatel de Alejandría

232
Q

Native grapes of Mallorca?

A

White - Moll (Prensal Blanc)
Red - Manto Negro, Gorgollosa, Fogoneu and Callet.

233
Q

Name the islands of Canary Islands.

A

La Palma
El Hierro
La Gomera
Tenerife
Gran Canaria
Fuerteventura
Lanzarote

234
Q

Grape synonym for Trousseau on Canary Islands?

A

Bastardo

235
Q

Mountain range on the island of Tenerife?

A

Mount Teide

236
Q

Training technique in Valle de la Orotava DO on Tenerife?

A

Trenzado

237
Q

Describe 2002 vintage in Rioja and Ribera del Duero.

A

Wet vintage. Cold Winter and Spring followed by nasty wet weather during Summer. Rain persisted even during harvest. Truly a severe test for both regions.

238
Q

Good vintages in Rioja and RdD in 00’s?

A

2000 - some very good wines in RdD. Hot year though.
2001 - very fine wines.
2004 and 2005 - good years.
2008 and 2009 - very good years.

239
Q

Which producer is located in Logroño and produces from Ygay estate?

A

Bodegas Marques de Murrieta

240
Q

Who produces Prado Enea?

A

Muga

241
Q

Who produces Capellanía Reserva?

A

Bodegas Marques de Murrieta
100% Viura from Cappellania vineyard planted in 1945. Aged in new French barrique.

242
Q

What oak is used at Lopez de Heredia?

A

American oak.
No new oak is used.

243
Q

Who makes Gran Reserva 890?

A

La Rioja Alta
Commemorates the estate’s original winemaker, Monsieur Vigier, and his first wine, the Reserva 1890.
Aged in new and 3 y/o American oak barrels.

244
Q

Who produces Gran Reserva 904?

A

La Rioja Alta
Commemorates 1904 acquisition of the Ardanza winery.

245
Q

Who produces Millenium Gran Reserva?

A

Tinto Pesquera
100% Tempranillo from Vina Alta. Aged 30 months in French oak barrels, then 10 months in bottle. Inaugural vintage 2008.

246
Q

Name a modern estate based in Rioja Alavesa.

A

Bodegas Marqués de Riscal.
Founded in 1858.
Famous for use of Cabernet Sauvignon and ageing in French barriques.

247
Q

Who produces Mas la Plana?

A

Torres
Cabernet Sauvignon from Penedes.

248
Q

Who produces L’Ermita?

A

Alvaro Palacios

249
Q

Where could I find the Alto Turia subzone?

A

In Valencia DO

250
Q

Where could I find the Vinalopo subzone?

A

In the Alicante DO

251
Q

Grape synonym for Tinta Negra?

A

Negramoll

252
Q

Who produces Baron de Chirel?

A

Bodegas Marques de Riscal
Inaugural vintage 1986.

253
Q

Top vintages in 1990’s?

A

1994
1995
1998

254
Q

Top/ Excellent vintages in 2010’s?

A

2010 - exceptional for Ribera del Duero
2016
2019

255
Q

Vinos de Pago Aragon?

A

Aylés

256
Q

Vinos de Pago Castilla Y Leon?

A

Dehesa Penalba
Abadía Retuerta

257
Q

Top vintages in 2000’s in Rioja?

A

2001
2004 - very good year
2005
2008 - very good quality for Rioja
2009 - very hot but very good quality wines

258
Q

2017 vintage?

A

Approach with caution.
One of the toughest years in living memory, with frost and drought reducing yields by 25% at least.

CMS Advanced (34 decks)

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