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Neurology Year 3 > Space Occupying Lesions > Flashcards

Space Occupying Lesions Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the roof over the pituitary fossa?

A

Diaphragm Sellae

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2
Q

What lays over the cerebellum separating it from the cerebrum?

A

Tentorium Cerebelli

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3
Q

What midline structure seperates the left and right cerebral hemispheres running from the ethmoid bone to the posterior occipital protuberance?

A

Falx cerebri

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4
Q

What is hydrocephalus?

A

Excessive Production, obstruction or inadequate resorption of CSF.

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5
Q

Extradural haemorrhage

A

Between bone and dura

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6
Q

Extradural can also be known as?

A

Epidural

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7
Q

What artery if ruptured commonly results in an extradural haemorrhage?

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

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8
Q

Subdural Haemorrhage

A

Between the dura and arachnoid matter

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9
Q

What if ruptured commonly results in a subdural haemorrhage?

A

Cerebral veins - falls in the elderly

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10
Q

Subarachnoid haemorrhage

A

Bleed into the CSF of the subarachnoid space

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11
Q

What if ruptured would lead to a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

A

Circle of willis or congenital aneurysm

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12
Q

A single abscess is likely to be due to?

A

Local extension e.g mastoiditis dental infection

Direct Implantaion e.g. skull fracture

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13
Q

List some causes of a local extension abscess.

A

Mastoiditis
Chronic ottitis media
Paranasal sinusitis
Dental infection

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14
Q

Multiple abscesses are usually due to.

A

Haematogenous spread.

Bronchiectasis, Endocarditis, IV drug abuse

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15
Q

What do abscesses look like?

A

Central Necrosis and a fibrous capsule

Surrounded by oedema

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16
Q

How is an Abscess diagnosed?

A

CT MRI

Aspiration for culture and treatment

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17
Q

What is the golden rule of trauma?

A

Smaller the contact time the larger the force is applied.

18
Q

What is the primary damage in brain trauma?

A

Irreversible injury to neurones

19
Q

Is primary damage treatable?

A

No it is only preventable through safety measures like wearing a helmet etc

20
Q

What is secondary damage in brain trauma?

A

Potentially treatable haemorrhage oedema etc

21
Q

Why do Skalp lesions present an issue?

A

As they can present route of entry for infection

22
Q

If a skull fracture is straight and sharp it is a…

A

Linear fracture

23
Q

If a linear fracture crosses a suture it is known as a..

A

Diastatic

24
Q

Compound fractures are associated with…

A

Full thickness lacerations

25
Q

Base of skull fractures are all….

A

Compound fractures

26
Q

Depressed fractures present a risk because..

A

They allow direct infection of the brain

27
Q

Surface contusion and laceration of the brain is due to..

A

Compression of brain tissue

Basically bruising of the brain tissue

28
Q

What areas of the brain are most commonly affected by contusion?

A

Lateral surfaces of the hemispheres

Underneath the temporal and frontal lobes

29
Q

Contra coup is what?

A

Contusion to the brain on the opposite side to the trauma.

30
Q

Contracoup involves less force than Coup.

A

False it involves more force an CSF has shifted to side of trauma thus reducing cushioning.
Damage is worse.

31
Q

Coup is what?

A

Contusion to the brain tissue of the side of the trauma.

32
Q

When does diffuse axonal injury occur?

A

At the moment of injury

33
Q

Why does diffuse axonal injury occur?

A

Shearing forces transect neurones

34
Q

What is the affect of diffuse axonal injury?

A

Reduced Consciousness and coma

35
Q

A traumatic extradural haemotoma is usually due to what?

A

Tempero-Parietal Fracture

Tearing Middle Meningeal artery

36
Q

What is the timeline in extradural haemorrhage ?

A

Acutely - very little damage

Chronic - Midline shift compression and herniation

37
Q

Acute subdural haematoma due to stretching of the bridging veins is not a medical emergency. T/F

A

False it has a 60% fatality rate

38
Q

How will a chronic subdural haematoma will appear on examination?

A

Liquefied blood and yellow tinged fluid forming a pseudomembrane.

39
Q

What will someone with a Subarachnoid haemorrhage present with?

A

Sever thunderclap headache

Loss of consciousness

40
Q

Why would someone with a subarachnoid haemorrhage present with a thunderclap headache?

A

Irritation of the meninges - supplied by the facial nerve

41
Q

A subarachnoid haemorrhage will show what on initial CT scan?

A

Blood in the basal cisterns

Neurology Year 3 (29 decks)

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