Anatomy Flashcards
What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS called?
Nucleus
What is a collection of nerve cell bodies in the PNS called?
Ganglion
What do dendrites do?
Transport signal towards cell body
What do axons do?
Transport signals away from the cell body
What cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS?
Schwaan cells
What cells produce the myelin sheath in the CNS?
Oligodendrocytes
What neuronss are usually motor polar?
Motor efferent
Skeletal muscles
What neurons are usually unipolar?
Sensory afferent
Where is the cell body located in unipolar neurons?
PNS
Where is the cell body located in multipolar neurons?
CNS
What are nerves?
Bundles of neurons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels.
What are the two types of nerves?
Single or mixed modality
What does it mean to be a mixed modality nerve?
Mixture of somatic motor somatic sensory and sympathetic grouped together.
Sympathetic outflow is…
Thoracolumbar T1 to L2
Where are sympathetic cell bodies located ?
Lateral Horn
Upon leaving the spinal column where do the sympathetic neurons pass?
Anterior Rami
Spinal Nerve
White Rami
Sympathetic Trunk
What are the four routes presynaptic axons take in the sympathetic trunk?
- Ascend then synapse
- Synapse at level of entry
- Descend and then synapse
- Pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse at prevertebral ganglia.
If a sympathetic nerve synapses within the sympathetic trunk it…
Synapses at paravertebral ganglia
If a sympathetic nerve synapses outside of the sympathetic trunk it….
Synapses at prevertebral ganglia
What make up spinal nerves?
Somatic motor sensory and sympathetic neurones
In order to supply abdominopelvic organs where do sympathetic neurones synapse?
Prevertebral ganglia
List the 4 Prevertebral ganglia associated with the abdominopelvic organs?
Celiac Ganglion
Aorticorenal ganglion
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion
Roughly where does the celiac ganglion innovate?
Foregut
Roughly where does the aorticorenal ganglion innovate?
Kidneys
Roughly where does the SMG innovate?
Midgut
Roughly where does the IMG innovate?
Hindgut
Pelvic and Perineal plexus
Where do sympathetic neurones directly synapse onto the target organ?
Adrenal Medulla on the kidney
Parasympathetic output is….
Craniosacral
What cranial nerves are parasympathetic?
CN III Oculomotor
CN VII Facial
CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus
At 4 weeks what are the three layers that make up the neuro system?
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
What does the prosencephalon develop into?
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
What does the telencephalon become?
Cerebral Hemisphere
What does the Diencephalon become?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the Mesencephalon become in the developed brain?
Midbrain pons and medula
What does the rhombencephalon develop into?
Metencephalon
Mylencephalon
The mesencephalon and mylencephalon form which parts of the fully developed brain?
Midbrain
Pons
What are the four types of glial cells
Atrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal
Astrocytes
Star shaped
Maintain the Blood Brain Barrier
Oligodendrocytes
Produce myelin sheath within the CNS
Microglia
Similar function to macrophages
Found in an inactive state
Ependymal
Ciliated cuboidal epithelium that line the ventricles
Not the BBB
What is a gyrus?
Lumps
What is a fissure?
A deep invagination
What are sulci?
Furrows/ Grooves