SP- Goal Setting, Self-confidence

Question 1

What are the three sections of time based goals

Answer 1

Long term
Short term
Medium term

Question 2

What are long term goals

Answer 2

An overview of where the performer is heading e.g. to get into the GB squad

Question 3

What are medium term goals

Answer 3

The endorse the effectiveness of STG and improve access to LTG e.g. learning a relaxation technique to combat anxiety

Question 4

What are short term goals

Answer 4

Set to give immediate success and then get progressively harder e.g. picked for the next match

Question 5

What are performance goals

Answer 5

A measurable comparison of performance with a previous one e.g. reaction time in sprinting

Question 6

What are process goals

Answer 6

Concerned with improving technique to produce a better performance e.g. improve footwork during movement in the circle

Question 7

What are product/outcome goals

Answer 7

Focus on the end result and winning outcomes e.g. win the next match

Question 8

What can product/outcome goals cause

Answer 8

Anxiety

Question 9

What can process and performance goals do

Answer 9

Maintain motivation for longer as the focus isn’t on social comparison

Question 10

Define self-confidence

Answer 10

is a state of mind where a person believes they have the necessary skills to meet the demands of the situation

Question 11

Define self-efficacy

Answer 11

The degree of self-confidence experienced by a performer when placed in a specific situation

Question 12

Give an example of self-efficacy

Answer 12

a gymnast may perform a confident handstand on the floor, but may experience low levels of self-efficacy when faced with a handspring on vault

Question 13

What are the 3 things self-efficacy effects

Answer 13

• Choice of activity
• Level of effort involved
• Level of persistence

Question 14

Give 3 characteristics of people with high self-efficacy

Answer 14

• Adopt approach behaviour
• Seek challenges
• Perseverance with task
• Attributes success to internal factors like ability and effort
• This increases the expectation of success and raises confidence

Question 15

Give 3 characteristics of people with low self-efficacy

Answer 15

• Adopt avoidance behaviour
• Anxious if task is difficult
• Gives up easily
• Attributes failure to internal factors
• This reduces the expectation of success and induced learned helplessness

Question 16

What are the 4 sources of information in Bandura’s model of self-efficacy

Answer 16

• Past performance accomplishments
• Vicarious experiences
• Verbal persuasion
• Control of arousal

Question 17

Describe past performance accomplisments

Answer 17

Major and most reliable predictor of self-efficacy. Previous success at clearing the high jump at 1m30 will raise expectations of doing it again

Question 18

Describe vicarious experience

Answer 18

Watching others of equal ability clear the high jump bar reduces worry, develops confidence and encourages them to have a go.

Question 19

Describe verbal persuasion

Answer 19

Encouragement from the coach too boost confidence. Verbal persuasion is most effective if you trust and value their opinion. Some elite athletes use positive self-talk to reassure themselves.

Question 20

Describe control of arousal (self-efficacy)

Answer 20

Performers with low self-efficacy evaluate their internal feelings of heart beating fast, sweating and nerves as meaning they are ill-equipped to carry out the activity. Teachers can get the performer to evaluate these feelings as meaning they are ready to compete.

Question 21

Describe the appearance of Vealeys model of sports confidence

Answer 21

Top middle- objective sports situation
Top left- trait sports confidence
Top right- competitive orientation
Middle- state sports confidence
Under middle- performance in sports situation
Bottom- subjective outcome of performance

Question 22

Define trait SC

Answer 22

Generalised belief an individual possess about their ability to be successful in a wide range of sports. It is innate, stable and global.

Question 23

Define state SC

Answer 23

learnt, unstable and situation specific

Question 24

Define competitive orientation

Answer 24

the extent to which the athlete is prepared to compete

Question 25

Give 3 subjective outcomes- good

Answer 25

Increase trait SC
Increase competitiveness
Increase state SC
Increase SE
Make the performer feel more confident
Facilitate approach behaviour

Question 26

Give 3 subjective outcomes- bad

Answer 26

Decrease trait SC
Decrease competitiveness
Decrease state SC
Decrease SE
Make the performer feel less confident
Facilitate avoidance behaviour

Question 27

What are 4 strategies to improve state SC

Answer 27

1. Set realistic but challenging goals (performance rather than outcome goals)
   - Allows a feeling of mastering the skill
2. Positive feedback from the coach
   - Social reinforcement from so’s
3. Develop effective stress management techniques
   - Physically and mentally ready for the activity
4. Maximise environmental comfort
   - Eg. Going to venue beforehand
5. Effective leadership
   - Clear, agreed goals and good communication breeds a confident performer
6. Styling
   - Confidence will increase if the athlete can demonstrate a highly skilled performance to so’s e.g. demo a split step in netball

Question 28

What is the word to remember how goal setting effects performance (not smarter)

Answer 28

PEACANSS