SP- Goal Setting, Self-confidence Flashcards
What are the three sections of time based goals
Long term
Short term
Medium term
What are long term goals
An overview of where the performer is heading e.g. to get into the GB squad
What are medium term goals
The endorse the effectiveness of STG and improve access to LTG e.g. learning a relaxation technique to combat anxiety
What are short term goals
Set to give immediate success and then get progressively harder e.g. picked for the next match
What are performance goals
A measurable comparison of performance with a previous one e.g. reaction time in sprinting
What are process goals
Concerned with improving technique to produce a better performance e.g. improve footwork during movement in the circle
What are product/outcome goals
Focus on the end result and winning outcomes e.g. win the next match
What can product/outcome goals cause
Anxiety
What can process and performance goals do
Maintain motivation for longer as the focus isn’t on social comparison
Define self-confidence
is a state of mind where a person believes they have the necessary skills to meet the demands of the situation
Define self-efficacy
The degree of self-confidence experienced by a performer when placed in a specific situation
Give an example of self-efficacy
a gymnast may perform a confident handstand on the floor, but may experience low levels of self-efficacy when faced with a handspring on vault
What are the 3 things self-efficacy effects
- Choice of activity
- Level of effort involved
- Level of persistence
Give 3 characteristics of people with high self-efficacy
- Adopt approach behaviour
- Seek challenges
- Perseverance with task
- Attributes success to internal factors like ability and effort
- This increases the expectation of success and raises confidence
Give 3 characteristics of people with low self-efficacy
- Adopt avoidance behaviour
- Anxious if task is difficult
- Gives up easily
- Attributes failure to internal factors
- This reduces the expectation of success and induced learned helplessness
What are the 4 sources of information in Bandura’s model of self-efficacy
- Past performance accomplishments
- Vicarious experiences
- Verbal persuasion
- Control of arousal
Describe past performance accomplisments
Major and most reliable predictor of self-efficacy. Previous success at clearing the high jump at 1m30 will raise expectations of doing it again
Describe vicarious experience
Watching others of equal ability clear the high jump bar reduces worry, develops confidence and encourages them to have a go.
Describe verbal persuasion
Encouragement from the coach too boost confidence. Verbal persuasion is most effective if you trust and value their opinion. Some elite athletes use positive self-talk to reassure themselves.
Describe control of arousal (self-efficacy)
Performers with low self-efficacy evaluate their internal feelings of heart beating fast, sweating and nerves as meaning they are ill-equipped to carry out the activity. Teachers can get the performer to evaluate these feelings as meaning they are ready to compete.
Describe the appearance of Vealeys model of sports confidence
Top middle- objective sports situation
Top left- trait sports confidence
Top right- competitive orientation
Middle- state sports confidence
Under middle- performance in sports situation
Bottom- subjective outcome of performance
Define trait SC
Generalised belief an individual possess about their ability to be successful in a wide range of sports. It is innate, stable and global.
Define state SC
learnt, unstable and situation specific
Define competitive orientation
the extent to which the athlete is prepared to compete
Give 3 subjective outcomes- good
Increase trait SC Increase competitiveness Increase state SC Increase SE Make the performer feel more confident Facilitate approach behaviour
Give 3 subjective outcomes- bad
Decrease trait SC Decrease competitiveness Decrease state SC Decrease SE Make the performer feel less confident Facilitate avoidance behaviour
What are 4 strategies to improve state SC
- Set realistic but challenging goals (performance rather than outcome goals)
- Allows a feeling of mastering the skill - Positive feedback from the coach
- Social reinforcement from so’s - Develop effective stress management techniques
- Physically and mentally ready for the activity - Maximise environmental comfort
- Eg. Going to venue beforehand - Effective leadership
- Clear, agreed goals and good communication breeds a confident performer - Styling
- Confidence will increase if the athlete can demonstrate a highly skilled performance to so’s e.g. demo a split step in netball
What is the word to remember how goal setting effects performance (not smarter)
PEACANSS
