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A2 OCR PE > EP- Energy Concepts and Systems > Flashcards

EP- Energy Concepts and Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Define energy

A

The ability to perform work.

Joules

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2
Q

Define work

A

The ability to apply force over distance.

Joules

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3
Q

Define power

A

The rate at which work is done.

Watts

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4
Q

What are the three main types of energy

A

Chemical
Potential
Kinetic

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5
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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6
Q

What is ATP

A

The energy currency of the body. It is the only useable source of energy that the muscles can use for work

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7
Q

How many seconds of exercise does ATP provide

A

2-3 Seconds

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8
Q

What is the equation for ATP synthesis

A

ADP + P –> ATP (endothermic)

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9
Q

Is it ATP synthesis or breakdown which is exothermic

A

The breakdown of ATP into ADP + P

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10
Q

Name 4 life functions ATP provides the energy for

A 
Nerve Transmission 
Circulation
Digestion
Tissue Synthesis
Muscle Action
Maintaining body temperature
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11
Q

What enzyme is used to breakdown ATP

A

ATPase

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12
Q

What are the three methods of ATP resynthesis

A

ATP/PC
Lactic Acid
Aerobic

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13
Q

Which energy system provides enough ATP for up to 3 minutes of exercise

A

Lactic Acid

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14
Q

The aerobic system supplies enough ATP for how long

A

Unlimited duration

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15
Q

10 seconds of energy is supplied by the….

A

ATP/PC system

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16
Q

Where do reactions take place in the ATP/PC system

A

The muscle sarcoplasm

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17
Q

What is the fuel for the ATP/PC system

A

Creatine

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18
Q

Which enzyme is used for the ATP/PC system

A

Creatine Kinase

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19
Q

Give a sporting example of what you’d use the ATP/PC system for

A

Shot put throw

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20
Q

How can you improve your ATP/PC system

A

Anaerobic training

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21
Q

What benefit does anaerobic training have on the ATP/PC system

A

Increases the muscle stores of ATP/PC

Delays the lactate threshold

22
Q

Where do the lactic acid system reactions take place

A

The sarcoplasm of muscles

23
Q

What is the fuel of the lactic acid system

A

Glucose/glycogen

24
Q

What are the three enzymes involved in the lactic system

A

GP
PFK
LDH

25
Q

What does LDH do

A

Converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid

26
Q

What does GP do

A

Converts glycogen to glucose

27
Q

What does PFK do

A

Converts glucose to pyruvic acid

28
Q

What is the by-product and its effect on the body of the LA system

A

Lactic Acid

Lowers muscle pH causing pain and fatigue, due to the denaturation of the muscle enzymes

29
Q

Give a sport which predominantly uses the LA system

A

200m Sprint

30
Q

How can you improve your LA system

A

Anaerobic training

31
Q

What is the benefit of anaerobic training on the LA system

A

Increases the body’s tolerance of LA
Increases the body’s buffering capacity
Increases the rate of LA removal
Delays OBLA

32
Q

Name the three stages of the aerobic system

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycles
Electron Transport Chain

33
Q

What happens in aerobic glycolysis

A

Glycogen is broken down into glucose
Glucose is broken down into glucose-6-phosphate and then into pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid then combines with CoA to form Acetyl CoA

34
Q

Which enzyme breaks glycogen into glucose

A

GP

35
Q

Which enzyme breaks glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and then into pyruvic acid

A

PFK

36
Q

In the Krebs Cycle, what is the first reaction

A

Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid

37
Q

What is produced in the Krebs Cycle

A

CO2, 2 ATP, NADH

38
Q

Describe the steps of the ETC

A

Hydrogen Atoms combine with NAD and FAD to form NAADH and FADH
These are split into H and e in the electron transport chain
This resynthesises 34 ATP
H combine with O2 to form H2O

39
Q

Define energy continuum

A

Shows how the energy systems interact to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

40
Q

Give an external factor affecting the energy continuum

A

O2 supply

41
Q

What mmol/l of lactate is the threshold level

A

4 mmol/l

42
Q

Define the energy system threshold

A

The point at which the energy systems swap to provide the energy the energy for ATP resynthesis

43
Q

What effects the energy system threshold

A

Exercise intensity and duration at that specific time e.g. A 200m sprinter will switch from the ATP/PC system to the LA system after 10sec.

44
Q

Describe the changes in energy system in a team game

A

The player will be continually switching between the three energy systems. The games player is continually resynthesising ATP/PC during periods of recovery. This allows the ATP/PC system to be repeatedly used intermittently in the game when explosive moves are required.

45
Q

Name four factors effecting energy system predominacy

A

O2 transport/supply
Fuel availability
Enzyme activation level
Fitness level

46
Q

How does O2 Transport/Supply effect energy system dominance

A

Aerobic system will always be predominant if there is a sufficient supply of O2 available

47
Q

How does fuel availability effect energy system dominance

A

For high intensity exercises, as long as there are sufficient PC stores, it will be the ATP/PC system. Glycogen is the major fuel available, fats are then used when these are no longer avaliable

48
Q

How do fitness levels effect energy system dominance

A

Aerobic athletes use FFA’s earlier during submax exercise in order to conserve glycogen stores. An anaerobically trained athlete will increase ATP/PC and glycogen stores and anaerobic enzymes, have an improved tolerance of LA and increase both the threshold of the Atp/Pc and LA systems

49
Q

What are fats broken down into

A

Free fatty acids (FFA’s) and glycerol

50
Q

What enzyme breaks fats down

A

Lipases

51
Q

What are FFA’s broken down into

A

Acetyl CoA- which combines with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid as part of the Krebs cycle (beta-oxidation)

A2 OCR PE (21 decks)

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