SP- Attitude

Question 1

Define attitude

Answer 1

A predisposition to act in a certain way towards some aspects of the person’s environment/attitude object

Question 2

What are the components of attitude

Answer 2

Cognitive
Affective
Behavioural

Question 3

Give 4 ways attitudes can be formed

Answer 3

friends
media
teachers
coaches
peers
past experiences
family

Question 4

Define prejudice

Answer 4

A pre-judgement of a group or person

Question 5

What are the two ways to change an attitude

Answer 5

Cognitive dissonance

Persuasive communication

Question 6

What is cognitive dissonance

Answer 6

A mismatch in the triadic model will cause a dissonance in the mind of the person being persuaded. If one attitude component can be changed, then it is likely that the whole attitude can be modified.

Question 7

How do you achieve cognitive dissonance

Answer 7

by providing the person with new and positive experiences.

If a skill is simplified/ guidance is used

Question 8

How does attitude effect BAHL

Answer 8

Attitudes are formed through experience. Therefore, a pleasant PE experience is likely to promote a positive attitude towards sport and exercise motivating an individual to engage in lifelong participation. Conversely, a negative experience could turn sport into an ‘object’ to be avoided

Question 9

Describe the 4 elements of persuasive communication

Answer 9

PERSUADER - This person needs to be significant or have a high status.
MESSAGE - This needs to be presented in a way that makes the recipient want to change an attitude.
RECIPIENTS - The attitude is more easily changed if the recipient really wishes it to be changed.
SITUATION - Attitudes are easier to change if there are other persuaders present.

Question 10

Define achievement motivation

Answer 10

This is the drive to achieve success for its own sake

Question 11

What is the main component affecting achievement motivation

Answer 11

Personality type

Question 12

Give the three elements relating to achievement motivation

Answer 12

• Competitiveness
• Striving for perfection
• Persistence

Question 13

What are the two personality types of achievement motivation

Answer 13

NACH and NAF

Question 14

Give 5 characteristics of a NACH performer

Answer 14

• ‘Approach behaviour’ so the performer is motivated to attempt something challenging where they might fail
• Looks for challenges and risks e.g. take on a player one on one in lax
• Persists for longer e.g. continues to use left hand even after shot fails
• Values feedback as can learn from it
• Takes responsibility from their own actions
• Attributes performance to internal and controllable factors
• Enjoys evaluation
• Not afraid of failure
• Task orientated

Question 15

Give 5 characteristics of a NAF performer

Answer 15

• ‘Avoidance behaviour’ so the performer is motivated to protect their self esteem
• Seeks the easy route e.g. challenging someone of a lower or equal ability on a tennis ladder
• Gives up more easily e.g. doesn’t chase the ball in football when it is kicked off
• Dislikes feedback
• Avoids personal responsibility
• Attributes failure to external factors
• Performance worsens in evaluative situation
• Outcome orientated

Question 16

What is sports specific achievement motivation (SSAM)

Answer 16

Cross references personality with situational factors. The performer will assess the situation they are faced with and evaluate the probability of success and incentive value of success

Question 17

Give an example where sports specific achievement motivation will affect performance

Answer 17

e.g. club tennis player playing a novice- high success, low incentive

Question 18

Give 3 ways to develop achievement motivation

Answer 18

1. Positive childhood experience
2. Encouragement
3. Emphasis on skill not outcome
4. Realistic expectations
5. Use of correct attributions