HS- Popular and Rational Recreation Flashcards
Give reasons why we shifted from popular recreation to rational recreation
- Transport - improved transport improved communication, impact of railways
- Time - Initial loss then increased free time/ Saturday half day/ more structure free time/ machine time
- Revolutions - impact of industrial revolution/ urban revolution
- Literacy - improved literacy lead to the development of national governing bodies
- Law and order - improved law and order/ adverse attitudes of church/ industrialist towards gambling
- Class 1 - Pre industrial Britain predominately two class society. Post industrial Britain a three class society. Feudal nature of society.
- Class 2 - Influence of new middle class/ middle class attitudes/ the civilising process.
- Work/play - work was an integral part of life in pre industrial Britain whereas it became something to do after work. Impact of protestant work ethic.
- Technology - Purpose built facilities/ improvements in equipment
How did provision and organisation within late nineteenth century English schools promote sports and games?
- Time - Time/ boarding influence
- Money 1 - Endowments, regular income, finical supports of trustees and governors
- Money 2 - Fee paying school, fess used to improve provision, Old Boys subscription, contributions and support
- Facilities 1 -Specialist facilities, swimming baths, racquets, gymnasia, lawn tennis courts
- Expertise 1 - Employment of Oxbridge blues, masters joined in team games. Played squash, fives and tennis with and against the boys
- Role models - games masters, assistant coaches, Sixth form as role models e.g. Brooke in Tom Brown Schools days
- Social Control - Influence of headmaster e.g. Dr Thomas Arnold. The desire for social control and using games to get social control and discipline
- Regularity - Regularity of play playing more regularly increased standards of play and increased public interest.
- Inter house - Inter house games, house teams, important of house matches and inter school games
- Competition - Athletic sports days, schools often first to hold athletic sports meetings in towns, public schools competition
- Organisation - Highly organised systematic games programme organised by the boys themselves
- Old Boys - Spread of games in society.
Identify 2 characteristics of public schools and explain how each characteristic influenced the development of team games
- Boys - Energy and enthusiasm to be channelled into games
- Boarding - Time available
- Expansion/size - As numbers grew houses were formed which became the hub of games competitions
- Non local - Great variety of regional game adopted/adapted by schools
- Spartan/harsh treatment - Harsh treatment or living conditions prepared the boys for rigours of competitive sport/ violent nature of games
- Controlled by trustees - trustees were keen to promote school/ Trustees keen to invest in sporting success
- Endowed - School which received large gifts of money of property could build facilities or employ assistant masters or coaching professionals
- Fee Paying - Money could go towards developing facilities
- Gentry - Influential families brought money to develop facilities/ influence on type of activities brought to the school.
Describe the role of the Sixth Form during stage 2 of the development
- Responsibility - Sixth form given responsibility/ status of sixth raised
- Social Control - Sixth former helped to establish social control
- Role models - Some became role models or heroes
- Discipline - Sixth form had power to discipline younger boys
- Organisation - Sixth form central to the organisation of games/organised house games
What factors other than improved transport influenced the emergence of rational sport?
- Revolutions - Industrial and urban revolution
- Time - Increased free time ½ Saturday and shorter working week and regular working patterns
- Space - Less space lead to pitches and stadiums
- Middle class - More middle class/ middle class influence making it more civilised
- Law and order - Factory acts improved workers, Rights reformed improved working conditions, increased government support of working class and control of wagering
- Patronage - Industrial patronage, provision of facilities at factory, excursion trips to seaside
- Income/health - Less poverty earnings improved enough for gate money and improved health
- Literacy - Improved literary, newspapers improved business administration
- Emancipation - More freedom for women to participate impact of lawn tennis
- Schools - Impact of ex public school boys
- Technology - Improved technology/ town baths built
Identify and explain factors that lead to sporting excellence in the late nineteenth century Public Schools?
- Time significant time boarding influence
- Money - Endowed regular income old boy subscription
- Money - Fee Paying school fess to improve provision
- Regularity - Regularity of play Improved stands
- Inter House - Inter house games importance of house matches
- Inter school - Inter school games annual fixtures v other major public school
- Community - Fixtures with local clubs annual matches
- Compulsion - Daily games in many public school were compulsory
- Facilities - Specialist facilities, swimming baths, racquets or lawn tennis courts
- Land buying for pitch, extensive playing field facilities often used by major associations for special occasions and competitions
- Expertise - Employment of Oxbridge blues impact of the gentlemen amateur
- Competition - Championships/ big competitions
- Highly organised games programme
- Headmaster’s encouragement e.g. Dr Thomas Arnold
- Role models - Impact of games masters or assistant master or sixth form.
- Influence of rational sport and rules and national governing bodies
Define popular recreation
Pre-industrial sports and pastimes mainly associated with the peasant and lower class.
Define Rational recreation
Civilised and organised sports and pastimes of post-industrial Britain.
What are mob games, and give an example
Recreational pursuits for the masses, violent, occasional, limited rules or structure
- Bull baiting
- Catching the greasy pig
Define Nineteenth century public schools
Old, established, fee-paying schools dominated by upper and upper middle class boys (and later girls).
Define State (primary) schools
Schools for junior aged children funded by the government. State education began in Britain following the (Forster) Education Act of 1870.
Define industrialisation
The development of factories and the organisation of industry on a large scale due to the introduction of modern machinery on a mass basis.
Define Industrial patronage
The provision of social, recreational and sporting opportunities by wealthy industrialists for their workers.
Define Muscular Christianity
The combination of godliness and manliness - the belief in having a strong and fit body to match a robust and healthy soul.
Give 6 characteristics of a popular recreation
Natural/Simple Local Simple unwritten rules Cruel/violent Occasional Courtly/popular Rural Occupational Wagering
