SP- Attribution

Question 1

Define attribution theory

Answer 1

The reasons given by performers for success and failure

Question 2

What are the two dimensions of attribution theory

Answer 2

• Locus of causality
Whether the reasons given are internal or external to the performer
• Locus of stability
The degree of performance associated with the reasons given (luck)

Question 3

What are the 4 factors that success/failure can be attributed to

Answer 3

1) Internal
2) External
3) Stable
4) Unstable

Question 4

Give the descriptions of the factors that success or failure can be attributed to

Answer 4

Ability- internal/stable
Task Difficulty- external/stable
Effort- internal/unstable
Luck- external/unstable

Question 5

Why should we attribute success internally

Answer 5

• Reinforce success
• Increase confidence
• Raise future expectations of success

Question 6

Why should we attribute failure externally

Answer 6

• Sustains confidence
• Takes away responsibility of loss from a single performer
• Gives reassurance that achievement is possible in the future

Question 7

Define mastery orientation

Answer 7

The strong motive to succeed found is high achievers

Question 8

Define learned helplessness

Answer 8

The feeling that failure is inevitable

Question 9

How can you promote mastery orientation

Answer 9

By learning to attribute success and failure to the correct things to encourage self-confidence

Question 10

What is attribution retraining

Answer 10

Changing the performer’s perceptions of the causes of failure

Question 11

How do you retrain attribution

Answer 11

. Attribute failure to unstable factors which can be changed in the future e.g. lack of effort or fitness
2 Attribute failure to external factors (removing responsibility for the loss) e.g. biased umpires
3. Focus on performance and not outcome e.g. effort or technique
4. Use positive self-talk to boost confidence and manage anxiety
5. Set clear attainable goals to allow success which can then be attributed to internal factors