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Southern Rhone Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Which Pope moved his court from Rome to Avignon and in what year?

A

Pope Clement V; 1309

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2
Q

Pope Clement V’s successor who began construction on a new summer papal palace, Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

Pope John XXII

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3
Q

Wine sourced from the papal vineyards (vin d’Avignon) was not bottled as Chateauneuf-du-Pape until what century?

A

19th century

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4
Q

This was the first region in France to be struck by phylloxera (what year)

A

Southern Rhone; 1863

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5
Q

The first AOC in France (what year)

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape; 1906

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6
Q

The Southern Rhone accounts for about __% of wine produced in the Rhone Valley.

A

95%

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7
Q

Why do many growers plant their vines at an angle in the Southern Rhone?

A

So that Le Mistral will blow them upright in time.

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8
Q

The stones of Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

Galets roules

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9
Q

What are galets roules?

A

Stones of Chateauneuf-du-Pape

Made of Quartzite

Smoothed by the river

Heat retaining

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10
Q

This producer famously utilizes every authorized variety in their Chateauneuf-du-Pape blend.

A

Beaucastel

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11
Q

What is the main variety in Chateau du Beaucastel CdP?

A

Mourvedre

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12
Q

What is the min ABV for CdP blanc?

A

12.5% (!) - highest in France

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13
Q

T/F: In CdP, producers are legally obligated to declassify or discard 2% of harvested grapes.

A

True

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14
Q

The first estate-bottled CdP

A

Chateau la Nerthe; 1785

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15
Q

Soil of CdP

A

Limestone subsoil

Gravel
Calcareous clay
Sand

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16
Q

Traditional aging vessel in CdP

A

Old oak foudres

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17
Q

What is a foudre?

A

Large oak cask, traditional of the Southern Rhone (often holding over 1000 liters)

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18
Q

Thirteen grapes of CdP

A

Grenache
Syrah
Mourvedre

Cinsault
Mouscardin
Counoise

Clairette
Bourbelenc
Picpoul

Roussane
Teret Noir
Picardin

Vaccarese

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19
Q

T/F: Whites and roses are allowed in Cotes du Rhone and Cotes du Rhone-Villages

A

True

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20
Q

How many villages may append their name to Cotes du Rhone-Villages in the Southern Rhone?

A

22

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21
Q

Soils of Gigondas

A

Red clay & alluvial

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22
Q

Red wines of Gigondas, Vacqueyras, Beaumes de Venise, Cairanne, and Vinsobres must contain what % Grenache?

A

50%

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23
Q

What does the term rape refer to?

A

In CdP, the minimum of 2% harvested grapes must be declassified or discarded

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24
Q

In what department is CdP?

A

Vaucluse

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25
Q

This Southern Rhone appellation was granted AOC status in 2016

A

Cairanne

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26
Q

T/F: Hand-harvesting in CdP is mandatory

A

True

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27
Q

T/F: In Carianne, reds, whites, & roses are permitted

A

False: no roses

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28
Q

What styles of wine may be produced in Vinsobres?

A

Red only (Grenache min. 50%)

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29
Q

This Southern Rhone appellation is strictly dedicated to rose wine

A

Tavel

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30
Q

Name two Southern Rhone AOCs for vin doux naturel

A

Rasteau

Muscat de Beame de Venise

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31
Q

90% of Muscat de Beaume de Venise is produced by whom?

A

Vignerons de Beaumes-de-Venise (co-op)

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32
Q

What is mutage

A

In vin doux naturel, pure grape spirit is added to arrest fermentation in a proportion of 5-10%

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33
Q

This region makes vin doux naturel in red, white, and rose based on all three colors of Grenache (rouge, blanc, gris).

A

Rasteau

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34
Q

Styles of wine made in Rasteau

A

Vin doux naturel

Can be red, white, or rose, based on Grenache rouge, blanc, gris.

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35
Q

What is the general difference in flavor between Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise and Rasteau?

A

Rasteau tends to show more tawny flavors, whereas Muscat de Beames-de-Venise is typically fresher and more aromatic

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36
Q

What do ambre and tuile indicate?

A

White and red VDN wine (from Rasteau in Southern Rhone or Rivesaltes in Roussillon) with oxidative character and 3 yrs of aging prior to release

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37
Q

Which style of VDN is white; ambre or tuile?

A

Ambre (tuile being red)

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38
Q

What do the terms blanc and grenat refer to in Rasteau?

A

White and red VDN wines fresher than ambre and tuile (less oxidative character)

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39
Q

What does the term Hors d’Age mean on a bottle of Rasteau?

A

indicates at least 5 years of aging

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40
Q

What does the term rancio indicate?

A

A style of Rasteau in which the wine is deliberately oxidized in open barrels, subject to sunlight and temperature fluctuations, etc

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41
Q

T/F: Rasteau makes dry wine

A

True: only dry reds and the fruit must be grown in the commune of Rasteau itself

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42
Q

What is the northernmost appellation in Southern Rhone?

A

Grignan-les-Adhemar

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43
Q

Prior to 2010 Grignan-les-Adhemar was known as

A

Cotes du Tricastin

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44
Q

This region adjoins Southern Rhone, Provence, and Languedoc

A

Costieres-de-Nimes

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45
Q

What is gress

A

Alluvial rounded pebbles in sand associated with Costieres-de-Nimes

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46
Q

Prior to 2004, Costieres-de-Nimes was a part of

A

Languedoc

47
Q

Name the single commune appellation within Costieres-de-Nimes

A

Clairette de Bellegarde

48
Q

Where is Clairette de Bellegarde

A

Single commune appellation for whites made from 100% Clairette within Costieres-de-Nimes, Southern Rhone Valley.

49
Q

How many different grapes are permitted in the Southern Rhone

A

23

50
Q

How much of the Cotes-du-Rhone appellation is within the Southern Rhone?

A

90%

51
Q

The Southern Rhone begins at the town of _________ and runs south to _________.

A

Viviers; Avignon

52
Q

In what larger region is Duche d’Uzes AOC?

A

Southern Rhone

53
Q

T/F: Beaumes-de-Venise is for REDS ONLY

A

True

54
Q

What is the encepagement of Beaumes-de-Venise?

A

Min combined 80% Grenache/Syrah

Incl. min. 50% Grenache
25-50% Syrah

Max 10% combined whites

Max 20% combined reds

55
Q

Where is Cairanne AOC?

A

Southern Rhone

56
Q

Where is Clairette de Bellegarde AOC?

A

Southern Rhone

57
Q

What grapes are permitted in Cairanne rouge?

A

Min. 50% Grenache

25-50% Syrah

Max. 25% other CDR reds

Max. 10% white grapes

58
Q

What is the encepagement of Clairette de Bellegarde?

A

100% Clairette

59
Q

Where is Coteaux de Pierrevert?

A

Southern Rhone

60
Q

Grapes of Duche d’Uzes?

A

Syrah

Grenache

Carignan, Cinsault, Mourvedre

61
Q

T/F: CDR from the Northern Rhone may use Syrah as the main variety while those made in the Southern Rhone are Grenache-based.

A

True

62
Q

Cotes du Rhone encepagement:

A

Min. 40% Grenache (Syrah in N. Rhone)

Plus Syrah and/or Mourvedre

With up to 30% other red varieties

Max. 5% white varieties

63
Q

CdR Villages encempagement:

A

Min. 50% Grenache

Min. 20% Syrah and/or Mourvedre

Max. 20% other red varieties

64
Q

T/F: CdR Villages is completely within the Southern Rhone

A

True

65
Q

What is le rape in CdP?

A

5-20% of grapes harvested (min. 2%)

66
Q

Top domaine in Cotes du Vivarais

A

Gallety

67
Q

Rasteau encepagement

A

Min. 90% Grenache

Other CDR grapes permitted

68
Q

What five grapes may be included in CDR wines in addition to those permitted in Chateauneuf-du-Pape?

A

Camarese
Carignan

Marsanne
Ugni blanc
Viognier

69
Q

Who makes Chateau de Fonsalette?

A

Chateau Rayas (Southern Rhone)

70
Q

In what region might I find Rolle/Vermentino in Southern Rhone?

A

Luberon

71
Q

What does the term cru refer to in the Southern Rhone?

A

A sub-appellation of the Southern Rhone; after establishing a reputation, a Cotes-du-Rhone Villages commune may apply to have their own cru.

72
Q

River associated with Gigondas

A

Ouveze

73
Q

What is the name of limestone landmark of Gigondas?

A

Dentelles de Montmirail

74
Q

Why are wines of Gigondas often more aromatic and fresher than those of CdP?

A

Elevation and more limestone

75
Q

100% Grenache wines have been permitted in Gigondas since

A

2009

76
Q

What is the principal variety of Gigondas blanc?

A

Min. 70% Clairette

77
Q

Gigondas rouge encepagement

A

Min. 50% Grenache

Min. 15% Syrah & Mourvedre (since 2014)

Min. 90% Grenache, Syrah, Mourvedre

Plus other CDR vars

78
Q

Why is Vacqueyras wine considered more rustic than Gigondas?

A

Sandier, stonier soil

79
Q

Vacqueyras rouge grapes

A

GSM

CDR vars

80
Q

Which Southern Rhone sub-appellation contains Jurassic Clay?

A

Beaumes-de-Venise

81
Q

Top producer of Rasteau

A

Gourt de Mautens

82
Q

Grapes of Beaumes-de-Venise rouge

A

Grenache & Syrah

CDR reds

CDR whites

83
Q

Top producer of Vinsobres

A

The Perrins of Ch de Beaucastel

84
Q

Grapes for Vinsobres

A

GSM

CDR

Whites

85
Q

Top producer of Tavel

A

Dme l’Anglore

86
Q

Min. ABV for CdP

A

12.5% (highest min of any French wine)

87
Q

What % of Chateauneuf-du-Pape wine is red?

A

90+%

88
Q

When considering different colors of the same grape as their own varieties, how many grapes are permitted in CdP?

A

18

89
Q

What are the other 5 grapes permitted in CdP to make 18?

A

Clairette Rose

Grenache Blanc and Gris

Picpoul Blanc and Gris

90
Q

Bottles of CdP may be embossed differently based upon what?

A

Which producers’ association they belong to

91
Q

What is La Crau?

A

Famous plateau of CdP

92
Q

Most vines of the Southern Rhone are usually ___________ trained, except Syrah which is usually __________.

A

Most are Gobelet; Syrah single Guyot

93
Q

Most planted white variety of the Southern Rhone

A

Ugni Blanc

94
Q

One may find VDN in which three major regions of France?

A

Languedoc
Roussillon
Southern Rhone

95
Q

In which two regions of Southern Rhone may one find VDN?

A

Muscat-de-Beaumes-de-Venise

Rasteau (Rancio Tawny & Ruby)

96
Q

Beaucastel’s CdR bottling:

A

Coudelet de Beaucastel

97
Q

Min. ABV for CdR-Villages

A

12.5%

98
Q

T/F: Chaptalization is permitted in Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

False

99
Q

Max yields in CdP

A

35 hl/ha

100
Q

In their CdP Blanc, Ch de Beaucastel have shown that a varietal ___________ can be worthy of barrel maturation.

A

Roussanne

101
Q

T/F: Destemming is common in Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

False

102
Q

Top producers of Chateauneuf-du-Pape

A

Beaucastel
Henri Bonneau
Chapoutier’s Barbe Rac

Janasse
Pegau
Rayas
Vieux Telegraphe

103
Q

Cotes du Vivarais rouge varieties

A

Syrah
Grenache

Marselan
Cinsault

104
Q

Vielles Vignes specifications in Cairanne

A

30 yrs

(20 for Syrah & Viognier)

105
Q

Grignan-les-Adhemar varieties

A

Syrah
Grenache

CDR vars
Marselan

106
Q

T/F: Grenache Noir must be present in blend for Tavel rose

A

True

107
Q

Lirac rouge varieties

A

GSM & Cinsault

Carignan
whites

108
Q

T/F: Vinsobres is RED ONLY

A

True

109
Q

Vinsobres grapes

A

GSM
CDR
whites

110
Q

Gigondas grapes

A

GSM
CDR
whites

111
Q

Costieres de Nimes vars

A

GSM

Carignan, Cinsault

Marselan

112
Q

T/F: Costieres de Nimes can be single varietal

A

False; min 2 varieties

113
Q

Min planting density for CdP

A

3,000 v/ha

CMS-A (17 decks)

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