Southern France Flashcards
What are the climate characteristics of Southern France?Name a positive and a risk of the climate
Warm Mediterranean Summer often 30c+ (86F)Low rainfall esp in growing season+ Low risk of fungal disease- Drought but also some risk of Summer floods
What are the growing conditions, inland from the coast, like?
Noticeably cooler, less fertile with well drained soils better suited to quality viticulture
There are two noticeable winds in the Southern France, what are they called and where do they blow?
To the west the Tramontane blows through the gap between the Massif Central and the PyreneesTo the east the Mistral blows down the Rhone valley
What are the 2 most important black grapes in Southern France?What growing sites do they prefer?
Grenache enjoys hotter spotsSyrah prefers cooler sites
In addition to Grenache and Syrah what other 5 black grapes are commonly grown in the South of France and what are they used for?
Carignan - Widely grown, high tannin, acidity and colour but lacks fruit finesseCinsault - Mainly used for Rosé and adding red fruit flavours to red blendsMourvèdre - Needs heat but adds richness, colour and complexity to blendsMerlot and Cab Sav - significant plantings and used making IGP wines
What human influences have generally improved the quality of Southern French wines?
Investment in modern winemaking equipmentImproved cellar hygieneTemperature controlBetter oxygen management Also use of new and old oak
What do winemakers increasingly do to soften the tannins of Carignan?
Semi Carbonic fermentation
What are the 4 most planted white grape varieties in Southern France?
Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc, used for IGP winesViognier - Significant plantingsPicpoul
What are the characteristics of Picpoul de Pinet?
High acidity with green fruit and citrus flavours
How far does the generic ‘Languedoc’ appellation stretch?How are generic Languedoc wines commonly labelled?
From the Spanish border to NimesVin de Pays d’Oc
What 4 black grapes form the key ‘quartet’ in Languedoc?
Grenache, Syrah and Mourvèdre (GSM)+ Carignan
What are the 6 key sub regions of Languedoc?
Côtes de Rousillon Côtes de Rousillon VillagesMinervois Fitou CorbieresPicpoul de Pinet
What is the best black grape to grow in Southern France cooler regions and why?
Syrah, the cooler climate produces wines that are lighter with more finesse
What are the two best grapes to grow in Southern France warmer regions?
Mourvèdre - at its best the wine has body with meaty, games, flavoursGrenache - Loves the heat
What are the characteristics of the Côtes de Rousillon climate and, as a result, what are the characteristics of the wine?
Rugged landscape with bright sunlight, low rainfall and strong winds (Tramontane) delivering, predominantly red, concentrated wines