Port and Fortified Muscats Flashcards
Which are the two towns of the Portuguese Port trade situated, on the coast, North and South of the mouth of the River Douro?
PortoVilla Nova de Gaia
Working West to East name the three subregions of Port vineyards
Baixo CorgoCima CorgoDouro Superior
Which of Ports subregions produces the lightest wines and why?
Baixo Corgo because it is most westerly and receives some coastal influence
In which of Ports subregions are most vineyards located?
Cima Corgo
Describe the Douro Superior subregion and what it produces
The hottest and most easterly of the subregionsSparsely planted but produces top quality wine
What is the climate of Port?
Warm ContinentalShielded from Atlantic winds by Serra do Marão
What are the climate risks in the Port Region?
Some frosts in SpringHeavy rain can disrupt flowering and harvestSummer temps can be V. HighRainfall low
What is the soil on the Port subregions and how does it help vines?
Shist bedrock, fractures vertically helping vine roots to dig down deep to water reserves
What is the topography of the Port subregions and how can Vine growers make the most of it?
Quite extremeBaixo Corgo and Baixo Cima Planted on steep slopesTemp diff bottom to top - altitudeSome N face slopes used as face away from hot sun
Name the 3 types of terracing used, list pros and cons
Socalcos - Trad, supported stone walls, no mechanisationPatamares - Newer type, no walls, allows tractor accessVinho ao Alto - Unterraced, allows mechanisation but can only be used on gentle slopes
Two types of terracing in Port region face a potential risk.What is the risk and which are the terracing types?
Soil erosion dud to no retaining wallsPatamares and Vinho ao Alto
What is the criteria for a Port grape?List the 5 varieties used
Thick skinned, High tannin, Black fruit and floral notesTouriga Franca, Touriga NacionalTinta Roriz, Tinta Baroca, Tinta Cão
Describe a quality Tawny Port
Pale tawny in colour, high in alcohol, sweet, walnut, coffee, chocolate
What is the grape Tinta Roriz otherwise known as?Which of the Port grapes is similar to Grenache?
TempranilloTinta Baroca
From lowest to highest what is the correct order of price, for these different Port styles?Vintage PortLBVRubyReserve Tawny
Ruby, Reserve Tawny, Late Bottle Vintage Port, Vintage Port
At what abv is Port fermentation stopped by the addition of spirit?
5~9% abv
What 4 key steps for the production of Vintage Port?
Rapid extraction of colourAlcoholic fermentationFortificationAgeing
Why is rapid extraction so important in making Port?
Fermentation V. Short, 24~36hrs because fortified with grape spirit when just 5~9% abv
What are troughs used for foot treading called?
Lagares
Name the three methods used to rapidly extract colour and tannins from Port grapes
Foot TreadingAutovinifiersPiston plungers and robotic lagares
Which mechanical extraction system is considered most like traditional Foot Treading?
Piston plungers and Robotic lagares
Briefly summarise how an autovinifier works
Crushed grapes in sealed vatFerment pressure forces wine into holding tankPressure reached, wine floods back down over capProcess repeats every 15~20 mins