South America Flashcards
1
Q
What is Vale do Vinhedos?
A
Brazil’s first Origin Indication, located in Rio Grande do Sul
2
Q
What is the synonym for Tannat in Uruguay?
A
Harriague
3
Q
Where (in what region) does most of Brazil’s viticulture take place? Name two other regions in Brazil.
A
Rio Grande do Sul (Serra Gaucha specifically). Brazil is divided into six regions, four within Rio Grande do Sul: Serrra Gaucha, Serra do Sudeste, Campanha, and Campos de Cima de Serra. Planalto Catarinese & Vale do Sao Francisco are the other two.
4
Q
What is the classic region in Chile for Cab?
A
Maipo Valley
5
Q
Where is Famatina Valley?
A
La Rioja, Argentina
6
Q
What are the three Argentinian Torrontes sub-varieties?
A
Torrontés Riojano, Torrontés Mendocino, Torrontés Sanjuanino
7
Q
What country is notably devoid from ever being hit by phylloxera? Why?
A
Chile; it’s isolation between the Pacific and the Andes prevented phylloxera from ever reaching it
8
Q
What is the synonym for the Black Mission Grape in Chile? Argentina? Canary Islands?
A
Chile = Pais
Argentina = Criolla Chica
Canary Islands = Listan Prieto
9
Q
What is the most planted grape in Argentina?
A
Cereza, a pink-skinned grape used for bulk wine
10
Q
What is the most common variant of Torrontes? What is it a cross of?
A
Torrontes Riojano; Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
11
Q
What grape planted in Chile was commonly thought to be Sauvignon Blanc? What is a synonym, for it?
A
Sauvignon Vert aka Friulano
12
Q
From north to south, what are the regional DOs of Chile?
A
Atacama Coquimbo Aconcagua Valle Central Sur
13
Q
In what regional DOs of Chile do grapes typically go to Pisco production?
A
Atacama and Coquimbo
14
Q
What are two geographical features that make the climate of the Valle Central of Chile more desirable?
A
Proximity of Andes cools nighttime temps and promotes diurnal swings
The cold, maritime Humboldt current cools the vines along the coast
15
Q
When was Chilean wine law established? What did it mandate in terms of varietal, vintage, and denomination labeling? Alcohol percentage?
A
1995; 75% for all (though most wineries observe 85% for all to meet EU requirements for export); all wine must be at least 11.5% alcohol
16
Q
What does it mean in Chile if wines are labeled Gran Reserva or Reserva Privada?
A
Minimum 12.5% alcohol and mandatory time in oak
17
Q
What does it mean in Chile if wines are labeled Reserva or Reserva Especial?
A
Must have an ABV of 12%
18
Q
What is the most planted grape in Chile? Second Most?
A
Cab; Pais
19
Q
Approximately what percent of vineyard acreage do red grapes occupy in Chile?
A
73%
20
Q
In what larger region would you find the Elqui Valley?
A
Coquimbo, Chile
21
Q
In what larger region would you find the Limari Valley?
A
Coquimbo, Chile
22
Q
What are the two northern valleys of Coquimbo, Chile? What is the most planted grape in both?
A
Elqui and Limari; Cabernet Sauvignon
23
Q
What are the three sub-regions of Coquimbo?
A
Elqui Valley, Limari Valley, Choapa
24
Q
Where is the highest mountain in the Americas?
A
Aconcagua, Chile
25
Where would you find Panquehue, and what estate is based there?
Aconcagua, Chile; Errazuriz
26
Who makes "Sena" and what is its claim to fame?
Errazuriz; a Bordeaux blend that beat out Lafite & Margaux in the Berlin tasting of 2004
27
What are the two main sub-regions of Aconcagua?
Casablanca and San Antonio
28
What grapes is Casablanca known for?
Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
29
Where is Leyda?
Within the San Antonion sub-region of Aconcagua, Chile
30
Name the four sub-zones of San Antonio, Chile?
Leyda, Lo Abarca, Rosario, Malvilla
31
What are the DO sub-regions of the Valle Central, Chile, from north to south?
Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curico
Maule Valley
32
Where is Concha y Toro's Don Melchior made?
Puente Alto, Maipo Valley, Valle Central, Chile
33
Where is Errazuriz's Vinedo Chadwick made? What award was famously bestowed on it?
Puente Alto, Maipo Valley, Valle Central, Chile; it won first place in the 04 Berlin Tasting
34
What are the two sub-regions of the Rapel Valley? Where is the Rapel Valley?
Cachapoal & Colchagua; south of Maipo in the Valle Central, Chile
35
Where is Apalta and what is famously made from there?
Apalta is in eastern Colchagua, in the Rapel Valley, Valle Central, Chile. Lapostelle's Clos Apalta, and Bordeaux blend is made there, as well as Vina Montes' "Alpha M"
36
Who makes 'Purple Angel' and from where?
Vina Montes; 100% Carmenere from Colchagua, Rapel Valley, Valle Central, Chile
37
Where is Maule Valley?
South of the Rapel Valley in Valle Central, Chile
38
What are the two sub-regions of Curico?
Lontue & Teno
39
What are the three valleys of the southern provinces of Chile?
Itata, Bio Bio, and Malleco
40
What are the most planted white and red grapes in Itata and Bio Bio?
Pais and Muscat de Alexandria
41
What are the three most planted white grapes in Chile?
Sauvignon Vert, Chardonnay, and Muscat de Alexandria
42
What three new geographic terms did the Chilean Ministry of Agriculture approve in 2011 to be appended to the names of pre-existing DOs? What percentage of grapes must be harvested in the appropriate region to qualify?
Costa -- signifies proximity of a vineyard to the coast or coastal mountains
Entre Cordilleras -- "between mountains" --> where 3/4 of Chilean wine grapes are grown
Andes -- the Andes!
85%
43
What is Zonda?
A fierce, hot wind that blows down from the Andes into Argentina in the early summer/late spring that can adversely affect flowering
44
What notably climactic effect does the Andes have on Argentina?
Rain shadow effect -- very dry
45
What region of Argentina contains the highest altitude vineyard sites?
Salta
46
True or False: Bonarda of Argentina is the same as Bonarda of Italy?
False; Bonarda of Argentina = Savoie's Corbeau aka Charbono
47
What is the most planted white grape in Argentina?
Pedro Gimenez (NOT the same as Spain's PX)
48
When were Reserva and Gran Reserva designations introduced in Argentina? What does each entail?
2008; both limit yields
Reserva -- 6 months for whites, 1 year for reds
Gran Reserva -- 1 year for whites, 2 years for reds
49
What three regions is Argentina broadly split into?
Northwestern provinces
Central provinces/Cuyo
Southern provinces/Patagonia
50
What is the northern most growing region in Argentina?
Salta
51
Where is Cafayate?
A department within Salta, Argentina
52
What is the most notable grape of Salta?
Torrontes
53
Where is Susana Balbo's Crios Torrontes made?
Cafayete, Salta, Argentina
54
Where is Catamarca?
In the northern provinces of Argentina, just south of Salta
55
What are the three major provinces of Cuyo?
La Rioja, Mendoza, and San Juan
56
What is the northernmost of the three provinces of Cuyo?
La Rioja
57
Where is Famatina Valley?
La Rioja, Cuyo, Argentina
58
What is the most cultivated grape of La Rioja?
Torrontes
59
What is Argentina's second largest winemaking province?
San Juan, in Cuyo
60
Where is Uco Valley?
A western sub-region of Mendoza, home to the province's highest vineyards
61
What sub-region is home to Mendoza's highest vineyards?
Uco Valley
62
What are the two DOCs of Argentina?
Lujan de Cuyo and San Rafael
63
What grape(s) is/are permitted in the Lujan de Cuyo DOC?
Just Malbec
64
Where is Maipu and what grape is it known for?
In Mendoza, Argentina; Malbec
65
Where is Tupungato?
A department in the Uco Valley, Mendoza
66
What grapes are most successful in Tupungato?
Chardonnay and Semillon
67
What are the three southern provinces of Argentina?
Patagonia, Rio Negro, and Neuguen
68
Who owns Bodegas Chacra and where is it based? What grapes is it known for?
Owned by Tenuta San Guido/Sassicaia; premium Rio Negro Pinot Noir
69
Where is La Pampa?
The southern provinces of Argentina
70
Where is the driest place on earth?
Atacama Desert, Chile
71
In what DO did Miguel Torres purchase land in in 1979? What were his contributions to South American oenology?
Curicó, in the Valle Central of Chile. Torres championed stainless steel fermentation, temperature control, and barrique aging.
72
Who are the French partners in Colchagua's Hacienda Araucano and Los Vascos, respectively?
Francis Lurton and Barons de Rothschild
73
Who was the original consultant on Clos de la Siete, and does the wine come from? What is the name of the company that makes Clos de la Siete now?
Michel Rollad; Uco Valley, Mendoza; DiamAndes
74
What is the premier region in Argentina for Chardonnay? Why?
Uco Valley; It has rare (for Argentina) outcroppings of limestone.
75
What country in South America is consistently producing the best varietal Muscat?
Brazil
76
What South American country has significant plantings of both Niagara and Glera?
Brazil
77
Name two synonyms for Argentina's Bonarda?
Corebeau, Charbono (NOT Italy's Bonarda)
78
What is the premier region for Argentinian Cabernet Sauvignon?
Lujan de Cuyo
79
When was the first varietal bottling of Carmenere, and who was responsible for it?
1994; Alvaro Espinoza at Carmen winery.
80
Where is the greatest concentration of Carignan vines in South America?
1300 acres are planted in western Maule, Chile.
81
What grape was previously known as "Merlot Chileno"?
Carmenere
82
What are the best regions of Chile and Argentina for Pinot Noir?
Chile -- Aconcagua, Coquimbo (especially Limarí), and Bío Bío
Argentina -- Patagonia (Neuquén and Río Negro)
83
What is the most widely planted grape in Argentina? Second most?
Most -- Malbec; Second most -- Cereza (Pais x Muscat of Alexandria)
84
Give three synonyms for Pais.
Criolla Chica, Mission grape, Listán Prieto
85
What is an acholodo?
Acholado describes a blended pisco; usually referring to a blend of both aromatic and non-aromatic grapes.
86
Name two aromatic and two non-aromatic grapes used in Pisco production?
Aromatic: Torontel, Italia, Albilla, Muscat
| Non-Aromatic: Quebranta, Pais, Uvina, Mollar
87
What is the crossing of Torrontes Riojano?
Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria
88
What are the main viticultural concerns in Argentina?
Hail, frost, and strong winds (and nematodes!)
89
Who is the winemaker behind Argetina's Domino del Plata?
Susana Balbo
90
What Argentinian winery did Pierre Lurton found?
Cheval des Andes
91
Name three northern provinces of Argentina.
Catamarca, Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán
92
What two GIs account for 90% of the acreage of Argentina?
Mendoza and San Juan
93
What body regulates the GIs in Argentina, and when did it pass its appellation of origin laws?
The INV (Instituto Nacional de Vitivinicultura), 1999
94
How do grapes adapt to high altitude (being closer to the sun)?
Grapes adapt to high altitude by developing thicker skins are more pigmentation
95
Where would you find Calchaquí Valley?
Cafayete, Salta, Argentina
96
What is the average altitude of Cafayete?
5500 ft.
97
What is the southernmost GI in the northern provinces of Argentina?
Catamarca
98
Where would you find the Famatina Valley?
La Rioja, Cuyo, Argentina
99
What is the most important grape in La Rioja, Cuyo?
Torrontes
100
Put in order from north to south (all Cuyo): San Rafael DOC, Famatina Valley, San Juan, Tupungato, Lujan de Cuyo DOC
```
Famatina Valley (La Rioja)
San Juan
Lujan de Cuyo DOC
Tupungato
San Rafael DOC
```
101
Where would you find the sub-region of Tulum Valley?
San Juan, Cuyo
102
Where is Maipú in relation to Lujan de Cuyo?
Central Mendoza, NE of Lujan de Cuyo
103
What are the official sub-zones of Lujan de Cuyo?
Agrelo & Las Compuertas
104
What are the four provinces of Patagonia?
Chubut, La Pampa, Neuquén, and Río Negro
105
Voluturno
Viña Cobos, Lujan de Cuyo, Cabernet Sauvignon
106
Carmín de Peumo
Concha y Toro, Cachapoal Valley (Rapel Valley), Carmenère
107
Nicolas
Catena Zapata, Mendoza, Cab & Malbec
108
Clos Apalta
Lapostolle, Apalta (Colchagua, Rapel), Cab, Merlot, Carmenere
109
Kai
Errazuriz, Panquehue (Aconcagua), Carmenere, Syrah, Petit Verdot
110
Finca Altamira
Achaval Ferrer, Uco Valley, Malbec
111
Icono
Luigi Bosco, Las Compuertas (Lujan de Cuyo), Malbec & Cabernet Sauvignon
112
Don Melchior
Concha y Toro, Maipo Valley, Cabernet Sauvignon
113
Nosotros
Dominio del Plata, Lujan de Cuyo & Uco Valley, Malbec
114
Toknar
Von Siebenthal, Panquehue (Aconcagua), Petite Verdot
115
Tatay de Christabal
Von Siebenthal, Aconcagua, 90% Carmenere w/ Petit Verdot
116
Cobos
Viña Cobos, Lujan de Cuyo, Malbec
117
Folly
Viña Montes, Apalta (Colchagua, Rapel), Syrah
118
Alpha M
Viña Montes, Apalta (Colchagua, Rapel), Cab blend
119
Treinta y Dos
Bodegas Chacra, Río Negro, Pinot Noir
120
Viñedo Chadwick
Errazuriz, Puente Alto (Maipo Valley), Cabernet Sauvignon
121
A donde Bodegas Chacra
Río Negro, Patagonia, AR
122
A donde Miolo
Vale do Vinhedos, Brazil
123
A donde Tamaya
Coquimbo, Chile
124
A donde Aurora
Vale do Vinhedos, Brazil
125
A donde Pisano
Uruguay
126
A donde Familia Schroeder --
Patagonia, AR
127
A donde Von Siebenthal
Aconcagua, Chile
128
A donde Bodega Noemia
Patagonia, AR
129
What are the three largest wineries in Chile and how much of the market do they represent?
Concha y Toro, Santa Rita, and VSPT account for 80% of all Chilean wine.
130
What is MOVI?
Movimiento de Viñateros Independientes -- an organization for independent vintners in Chile
131
What body regulates the DOs of Chile?
SAG -- Servicio Agrícola y Ganadero
132
What is the minimum ABV for Chilean wine?
11.5%
133
Where would you find Copiapó Valley and Valle del Huasco?
Atacama, Chile
134
What are the primary grapes of Atacama?
Pais and Muscat for pisco production.
135
In what region of Chile are the coastal ranges most prominent? What climactic affect does this have on the country?
The coastal ranges are most pronounced in the Central Valley, with lesser heights in the north and the south. This allows the Humboldt Current to have more of an affect in Coquimbo and the southern provinces. In the Central Valley, the vineyards further from the coast (further east) are actually cooler -- benefitting from breezes coming down from the Andes.
136
What is VIGNO?
Short for Vignadores, is a trade association of producers of old-vine Carignan, based in Maule, Chile
137
In what month and year did Chile experience a 6.4 magnitude earthquake?
February, 2010
138
Where is the Austral Region?
A new Chilean DO south of Malleco
139
Who is Almaviva a collaboration between? What is the wine?
Baron Phillipe de Rothschild and Concha y Toro; Cab based blend from Maipo Valley, Chile
140
Who were the first, second, and third place finishes at the infamous 2004 Berlin tasting?
```
#1 -- 2000 Viñedo Chadwick
#2 -- 2001 Seña
#3 -- 2000 Lafite-Rothschild
```
141
What sparkling wine house has a outpost in Brazil?
Moët & Chandon
142
```
Put the following wine regions in order from closest to the equator to furthest away:
Patagonia, Argentina
Salta, Argentina
Vale do São Francisco, Brazil
Aconcagua, Chile
Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
```
```
Vale do São Francisco
Salta
Rio Grande do Sul
Aconcagua
Patagonia
```
143
In what region of Brazil is 90% of the countries wine made?
Rio Grande do Sul
144
What is the sole DO of Brazil? What larger regions is it within? What are the dominant grapes?
Vale do Vinhedos; within Serra Gaúcha in Rio Grande do Sul. Vale do Vinhedos DO wines are based on Chardonnay and Merlot.
145
Who are some of the foreign consultants in Uruguay and what are their projects?
Michel Rolland, Narbona
Alberto Antonini, Garzón
Paul Hobbs, Juanicó
146
In what South American country would you find the quality designation VCP and what does it stand for? What are its main requirements?
Uruguay; Vino de Calidad Preferente; Must be 100% vinifera grapes
147
Where does Pisco take its name from?
A port town in Peru that saw out much of the country's brandy as early as the 16th century.
