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Science > Sound pages 124-134 > Flashcards

Sound pages 124-134 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a wave?

A

In science a wave is an oscillation or vibration that transfers energy or information. A wave can also be an undulation on the surface of the water.

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2
Q

What are a few uses of a wave?

A

Waves used in microwaves to cook food and sound waves to help you communicate.

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3
Q

What is an amplitude?

A

An amplitude is the distance from the middle to the top or bottom of wave.

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4
Q

What is a frequency?

A

A frequency is the number of waves that go past a particular point per second.

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5
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

A wavelength is the distance from one point on a wave to the same point on the next wave.

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6
Q

What is the top of a wave called?

A

The top of a wave is called a peak or a crest.

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7
Q

What is the bottom of a wave called?

A

The bottom of a wave is called a trough.

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8
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A longitudinal wave is when the oscillation is parallel to the direction of the wave - it is in the Sam direction as the spring itself.

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9
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A transverse is when the oscillation is at 90º to the direction of the wave.

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10
Q

What is a compression?

A

Ina compression the coils of the spring are close together.

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11
Q

What are refractions?

A

In a refraction the coils are further apart.

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12
Q

What is reflection?

A

When waves bounce off surfaces and barriers

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13
Q

What is an incident wave?

A

The wave coming into the barrier is called the incident wave.

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14
Q

What is a reflected wave?

A

The wave bouncing off is called the reflected wave.

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15
Q

What does a wave reflect off?

A

A wave reflects off a barrier.

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16
Q

What is it called when waves are added together?

A

When waves are put together they super pose. This means that they add up or cancel out.

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17
Q

What is vibration?

A

A vibration produces a sound wave.

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18
Q

What produces a sound that moves backwards and forwards?

A

All speakers, like the ones in your headphones, have something that moves backwards and forwards, or vibrates. This makes the air molecules move backwards and forwards, which produces a sound wave.

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19
Q

What does sound need to travel through?

A

Sound needs a medium like a solid, liquid or gas to travel through.

20
Q

Why can’t sound travel through a vacuum (an empty space)?

A

Sound cannot travel through through empty space, a vacuum, because there are no air molecules to vibrate and produce sound.

21
Q

What medium does sound travel fastest in?

A

Sound travels fastest in solids, 5000m/s.

22
Q

Why does sound travel through a solid faster than through gas or a liquid?

A

The particles in a solid are very close together, so the vibration is passed along more quickly than a gas.

23
Q

What three types of medium can sound travel through and which is fastest?

A

Sound travels through gases, liquids and solids, but sound travels through solids the fastest.

24
Q

What can you plug a microphone into to see what the sound of your voice looks like?

A

You can plug a microphone into an oscilloscope to see what the sound of your voice looks like.

25
Q

What does a louder sound have to make it a louder sound?

A

A loud sound has a bigger amplitude than a soft sound.

26
Q

What affects the pitch of a sound?

A

The pitch of a note depends on the frequency. High-pitched sounds have a high frequency and low-pitched sounds have a low frequency.

27
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Frequency is measured in hertz(Hz) or kilohertz(kHz).

28
Q

What does audible range mean?

A

You can only hear a particular range of frequencies, called the audible range.

29
Q

What are frequencies below 20 Hz called?

A

Frequencies below 20 Hz called infrasound.

30
Q

What are frequencies above 20,000 Hz called?

A

Frequencies above 20,000 Hz called ultrasound.

31
Q

What detects sound waves?

A

Your detects sound waves.

32
Q

What part of the ear directs sound into your auditory canal towards your eardrum?

A

The part of your ear that you can see, called the pinna, directs the sound wave into your auditory canal towards your eardrum.

33
Q

What parts of the ear make up your outer ear?

A

The pinna, auditory canal and eardrum make up your outer ear.

34
Q

What makes up your middle ear?

A

Your eardrum vibrates and passes the vibration on to the ossicles. The ossicles make up the middle

35
Q

What makes the oval window vibrate?

A

There are tiny bones that amplify the sound. They make the oval window vibrate.

36
Q

What makes up your inner ear and how does sound travel there?

A

The oval window passes the vibration on to liquid in the cochlea. Specialised cells are at the base of the hairs convert the movement to an electrical signal. The signal travels down the auditory nerve to your brain. You can hear the music. The cochlea and the semi-circular canals make up your inner ear.

37
Q

What are decibels(dB)?

A

You measure sound intensity in decibels (dB).

38
Q

What does the diaphragm do to do with sound?

A

The diaphragm vibrates, like your eardrum.

39
Q

What can you use to make the sound louder?

A

You can use an amplifier to make the sound louder.

40
Q

What is an echo?

A

When sound reflects off a surface it produces an echo.

41
Q

What is reverberation?

A

If lots of echoes join together to produce a longer sound this is called reverberation.

42
Q

How can you reduce the effect of echoes?

A

You can reduce the effect of echoes by covering the walls with soft materials and putting carpet on the floor.

43
Q

What do doctors use to make images of unborn babies?

A

Doctors use ultrasound to make images of unborn babies.

44
Q

What is a transmitter

A

A device that gives light or sound.

45
Q

What is a receiver?

A

The device that absorbs the sound waves.

Science (15 decks)

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