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Science > Humans As Oraganisms page 26-38 > Flashcards

Humans As Oraganisms page 26-38 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

The second level of organisation is a tissue. A tissue is a group of cells that work together to perform a certain function.

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

The third level of organisation is an organ. An organ is made up of a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

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3
Q

What is the function of the brain?

A

This controls the body.

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4
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

Pumps blood.

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5
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A

Pumps blood.

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6
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Removes toxins(poisons from the blood)and produces bile to help digestion.

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7
Q

What is the function of the intestine?

A

This absorbs nutrients from food.

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8
Q

What is the function of the lungs?

A

Take in oxygen and and removes carbon dioxide.

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9
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Digests food.

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10
Q

What is the function of the bladder?

A

Stores urine.

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11
Q

What is an organ system?

A

The fourth level of organisation is an organ system. An organ system is a group of different organs that work together to perform a certain function.

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12
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Transports materials around the body in the blood.

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13
Q

What s the respiratory system?

A

Takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide.

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14
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

Produces new organisms.

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15
Q

What is the fifth level of organisation?

A

The fifth level of organisation is a multicellular organism. A multicellular organism is made up of several organ systems working together to perform all the processes to stay alive.

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16
Q

What is Gas Exchange?

A

When you breathe, you take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. This is called Gas Exchange. It takes place inside your lungs.

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17
Q

What are the lungs made of?

A

They are made of elastic tissue that can expand when you breathe in - this allows you to take in lots of oxygen.

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18
Q

Why are your lungs protected and how?

A

They are very delicate so therefore they are protected by the hard and strong bones that make your rib cage.

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19
Q

What is another name for the Respiratory system?

A

The Gas Exchange system.

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20
Q

What is the first step of the Respiratory system?

A

Air enters your body through your mouth and nose.

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21
Q

What is the second step of the Respiratory system?

A

Air moves down the trachea(windpipe) - a large tube.

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22
Q

What is the third step of the Respiratory system?

A

Air moves down a bronchus-a smaller tube.

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23
Q

What is the fourth step often Respiratory system?

A

Air moves through a bronchiole - a tiny tube.

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24
Q

What is the sixth step of the Respiratory system?

A

Air moves into an alveolus-an air sac.

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25
Q

Wha happens in the last step of the Respiratory system?

A

Oxygen then diffuses into the blood.

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26
Q

What happens to your rib cage when you breathe in?

A

The muscles between your ribs contract - this pulls your rib cage up and out.
The diagram contacts - it goes down.
The volume inside your chest increases.
The pressure inside your chest decreases - this draws into your lungs.

P.S. You only have to remember one or two of these.

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27
Q

What happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out?

A

The muscles between your ribs relax - this pulls your rib cage down and in.
The diaphragm relaxes - it moves up.
The volume inside your chest increases - this pushes air out of your lungs.

P.S. You only need to know me of these.

28
Q

How can your lung volume be increased?

A

It can be increased with regular exercise.

29
Q

What does a large lung volume mean?

A

A large lung volume means that more oxygen can enter your body.

30
Q

What can reduce lung volume?

A

Smoking, diseases such as asthma, and old age can all reduce lung volume.

31
Q

What is a bone?

A

A bone is a living tissue with a blood supply. It is growing and changing all the time. Just like the other parts of the, it can repair itself when damaged.

32
Q

What makes the bones strong but slightly flexible?

A

Calcium and other minerals make the bone strong.

33
Q

What is important to keep your bones healthy?

A

Exercise and. Balanced diet are important to keep the bones healthy.

34
Q

How many bones does the average adult human skeleton consist of?

A

The average adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones.

35
Q

Why do we have a skeleton?

A

To support the body
To protect vital organs
To help the body move
To make blood cells.

36
Q

What bone protects your brain, your heart and lungs and spinal cord?

A

Your skull protects your brain.
Your rib cage protects your heart and lungs.
Our backbone protects your spinal cord.

37
Q

What causes the bone to move?

A

If a muscle pulls it will cause the bone to move.

38
Q

Where does the skeleton move at?

A

The skeleton moves at joints, such as your knee. The movement of bones about joints allows the body to move.

39
Q

What is the in the middle of some of the long bones like the ones in your arm?

A

I the middle of these bones is a soft tissue called bone marrow.

40
Q

What does the Bone Marrow produce?

A

The Bone Marrow produces red and white blood cells.

41
Q

What are the red and white blood cells needed for?

A

The red blood cells are needed to carry oxygen around the body, and white blood cells are used to protect against infection.

42
Q

What are joints?

A

Joints occur where tow or more bones join together . Most joints are flexible. However some bones in your skeleton are joined rigidly together and cannot move.

43
Q

Why do your joints need to be strong?

A

Your joints need to be strong enough to hold your bones together but flexible enough to let them move. Different types of joint allow movement in different directions.

44
Q

What are hinge joints?

A

Hinge joints - for movement backwards and forwards, for example, the knee and elbow.

45
Q

What are the ball-and-socket joints?

A

Ball-and-socket joints are for movement in all directions, for example the hip and shoulder.

46
Q

What are the fixed joints?

A

Fixed joints do not allow any movement, for example, the skull.

47
Q

Why are bones covered with cartilage?

A

If your bones moved against each other, they would rub, causing lots of pain. Eventually, the bone would wear away. To stop this happening, the ends of bones Ina. Joint are covered with cartilage.

48
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Cartilage is a strong, smooth tissue. Cartilage is kept slippery by fluid in the joint. This allows the bones to move without rubbing together.

49
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Ligaments join to bones together

50
Q

What is a tendon?

A

A tendon joins a muscle to bone.

51
Q

What is force measured in?

A

Force is measured in Newtons.

52
Q

What are muscles?

A

Muscles are found all over the body. They are top of tissue - lots of muscle cells working together to cause movement.

53
Q

What is your heart muscle made out of?

A

Your heart is made of cardiac muscle tissue. This muscle pumps blood around the body.

54
Q

What do the shoulder muscles do?

A

They raise and lower the arms.

55
Q

What do the neck muscles do?

A

They hold the head up and move it in all directions.

56
Q

What do the triceps do?

A

They straighten the arm.

57
Q

What do the biceps do?

A

They bend the arm.

58
Q

What do et abdominal muscles do?

A

They move the torso and help with breathing.

59
Q

What do the thigh muscles do?

A

They move the lower leg.

60
Q

What do the calf muscles do?

A

They pull the heel up and point the toes.

61
Q

What do the shin muscles do?

A

They help move the foot up and down and side to side.

62
Q

He do muscles work?

A

To make you move, muscles work together by getting shorter - they contract.

63
Q

What attaches muscles to bones?

A

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

64
Q

What happens when a muscle contracts?

A

When a muscle contracts, it pulls on a bone. If the bone is part of a joint the bone will move.

65
Q

What are antagonistic muscles?

A

A pair of muscles that work together to control movement at a joint - as one muscle contracts, the other relaxes.

Science (15 decks)

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