Industrial Chemistry yr 8 Flashcards
What are toilets made from?
Toilets are made from pottery.
What is a ceramic material?
Pottery is an example of a ceramic material. A brick is a block of a ceramic material. Ceramic materials are compounds. They include metal silicates, metal oxides, metal carbides, and metal nitrides.
Name 7 properties of ceramics?
Hard - you can only scratch them with harder materials
Brittle - they break easily
Stiff - they are difficult to bend
Solid at room temperature, with very high melting points
Strong when forces press on them
Break easily when stretched
Electrical insulators
What do ceramics also have?
Ceramics also have similar properties to each other. They do not react with water, acids or alkalis
Are ceramics useful?
Ceramics have many uses. Their uses depend on their properties.
How are bricks a good ceramic material?
Bricks are strong when forces press on them. They are also durable and attractive. This makes them suitable for buildings.
How are ceramics a good electrical power-line insulators?
Ceramics do not conduct electricity. They are not damaged by water. This makes them useful for power-line insulators.
What do ceramics have that makes suitable for jet-engine turbine blades?
Ceramics have high high melting points. This makes them suitable for jet-engine turbine blades, which get very hot.
Give me one more use of ceramics?
Ceramics do not react with water alkalis or acids. This means that you can decorate them. This makes ceramics useful for plates, bowls, mugs and jugs.
List four properties of ceramics.
Ceramics are used as a building material.
Ceramics are good insulators.
Ceramics have very high melting melting points. Ceramics do not react with water acids or alkalis.
Why do ceramics have certain properties?
In ceramic materials a huge number of atoms join together in one big structure. There are strong forces between the atoms. This structure explains the properties of ceramic materials.
Explain why ceramics have high melting points.
You need a great amount of energy to break forces between atoms. This explains why ceramics have high melting points.
Why are ceramics very strong materials?
The bonds between the atoms are very strong. This is why they are hard. You can break some bonds when you scratch ceramic materials.
What are umbrellas, beach balls, and carrier bags made from?
They are made from polymers.
What is a polymer?
A polymer is a substance with very long molecules. A polymer molecule has identical groups of atoms, repeated many times.
What do different polymers have?
There are many polymers. Different polymers have different properties. Their properties make them suitable for their uses.
What makes natural polymers?
Plants and animals make natural polymers, including wool, cotton and rubber.
How do sheep help making polymers?
Sheep make wool from their fur, wool is a natural polymer. Wool fibres trap air between them. This means that wool traps heat, making it useful for jumpers and socks.
What do cotton plants make and how are they helpful?
Cotton plants make cotton fibres. Cotton fabric is strong durable and absorbs sweat. It is useful for summer clothing like t-shirts.
What do rubber trees produce and how are they helpful?
Rubber trees produce rubber. Rubber is flexible, waterproof and durable. These properties make it suitable for tyres
Why are synthetic polymers useful?
Synthetic polymers do not occur naturally. They are made in chemical reactions. There are hundreds of synthetic polymers. Scientists work hard to develop new polymers. Each polymer has its own properties.
What is the scientific name for polythene?
Poly(ethene) is the scientific name for name for polythene. There are two types of poly(ethene).
What do the molecules in low-density poly(ethene) (LDPE) do?
The molecules in low-density poly(ethene) (LDPE) slide over each other. This makes it flexible. LDPE is also strong. LDPE is used for carrier bags.
What do the molecules in high-density poly(ethene) (HDPE) do?
High-density poly(ethene) (HDPE) is also strong and flexible. It is harder than LDPE. Its surface can be very smooth. HDPE is used in artificial knee joints. Artificial joints also include metal, such as titanium.
