Some i missed out L7?

Question 1

What are the changes from feotal to adult circulation?

Answer 1

1. Foramen ovale ——> Fossa ovalis
2. Ductus venosus——> Ligamentum venosum
3. Ductus arteriosus——> Liigamentum arteriosum

Question 2

What happens to the ductus arteriosus when baby takes first breath?

Answer 2

The lungs expand, blood rushes into pulmonary circulation. Oxygen levels rise. Then the ductus arteriosus is constricted.

Question 3

What happens to the Foramen ovale when the baby takes first breath?

Answer 3

The pressure in the left atria rises, forman ovale closes. becomes fossa ovalis

Question 4

What happens to the ductus venosus?

Answer 4

Umbilical cord is tied, umbilical vessels close. The ductus venosus fibroses.

Question 5

What happens at the atrioventricular valves when ventricular pressure becomes higher than atrial?

Answer 5

The papillary muscles contract, stretching the chordae tendinae. This closes the valves.

Question 6

What are the 3 specialised connections in foetal circulation?

Answer 6

1. Foramen ovale- between right and left atria
2. Ductus arteriosus- Bypasses lungs. pulmonary trunk to aorta
3. Ductus venosus- bypasses liver. left umbilicala flow to inferior vena cava.

Question 7

What is the coagulation phase?

Answer 7

The conversion of soluble plasma protein to insoluble rigid polymer fibrin.

Fibrinogen to Fibrin.

Question 8

How does coagulation happen?

Answer 8

Fibrinogen (soluble)

Add thrombin (enzyme)

This causes polymerisation

Goes to Fibrin (insoluble)

Factor XIII stabilises fibrin

Question 9

What can naturally reduce clotting?

Answer 9

Natural anticoagulents

Antithrombin- inhibits thrombin

Heparin- accelerates antithrombin

Question 10

Why is calcium needed in clotting?

Answer 10

Calcium ions needed in extrinsic and intrinsic pathways

Question 11

Why is vitamin K needed in clotting?

Answer 11

Vitamin K needed to produce certain clotting factors in the liver, including prothrombin