Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A lvl Geography Final Exam > some facts to learn physical > Flashcards

some facts to learn physical Flashcards

1
Q

what proportion of worlds water is stored in:

  • Oceans
  • freshwater
  • saline
A

Oceans- 96.5%
Fresh- 2.5%
Saline- 0.9%`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Of the 2.5% freshwater, how much is stored in the cryosphere and groundwater

A
  1. 7% Glaciers

30. 1% ground water this includes atmosphere, rivers swamps, soil moisture and living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how much of the groundwater water is stored in rivers?

A

0.49% less than in swamps which is 2.6%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ice core dating has found that some water in Antarctica is how old?

A

800,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how much rainfall is in the sea

A

rainfall 74% of rainfall is in sea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the annual precipitation in polar regions

A

200mm or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how much rainfall returns to amazons local water cycle

A

constant high temps and 50-75% of rainfall returns by evaportransiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the rain that falls in the amazon distributed to

A

75% of precipitation consumed by trees

>less than 25% of rainfall reaches the rivers or other surface water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

whats the annual precipitation in the rainforest

A

2000mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what % of global rainforest area is amazon

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how much of amazon is cut down in last 50 years

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what proportion of known world species in rainforest

A

half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when were there large forest fires in the amazon

A

2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when did demand for soy beans increase

A

90s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what % rainforest protected before 2012

A

28% including strict reserves/ sustainable use and letting indigenous people conserve forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what % rainforest protected after 2012

A

47%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when was deforestation at a low

A

2012 due to the protection of forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what % increase in deforestation of rainforest would be catastrophic for the environement

A

20-25%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how many people live in murray darling basin

A

2.2million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how many HEP sites are along the Yukon river

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

how long is the yukon river

A

3,540 km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how large is the amazon basin

A

1 million km2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

chalk aquifers supply what % of londons drinking water

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how many people live in london

A

13 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what can cause variations in the climate of the Murray darling basin

A

the El Nino effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

when was carbon taxation on high emission cars scrapped

A

this policy was put on hold in 2015 and lower road taxes for low-carbon emitting cars was scrapped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how many trees will the big tree plant in uk plant

A

the big tree plant campaign is to plant 1 million trees particularly in urban areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how many trees worth of sequestering does 1 CCS plant do

A

40 billion trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when is UK hoping to be carbon neutral

A

UK be able to reach goal of being carbon neutral within the next 10-20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when was carbon taxation “Carbon price floor” enforced in UK

A

2013

tax on fossil fuels used to generate electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

(Renewable switching) how much has swedens dependence of fossil fuels fallen by?

A

75% of energy mix in 1970

now 20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how much of swedens renewable energy is HEP or nuclear

A

83%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

how much of sweden renewable is wind

A

7%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how much does Canandas boundary dam ai to cut emissions by

A

90% by trapping it in the ground rather than atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how many times more have arctic temperatures risen by compared to the global average

A

> arctic temperature have risen twice as much last 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

where is Yukon

A

territroy in northwest canada with a significant part in the arctic circle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

how much has ice area in Yukon decreased by

A

shrunk by 22% since 1958

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

how much have inflows to yukon river increased by

A

> inflows to Yukon river increased by 39% due to these processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

when was the hottest year on record so far

A

2015

1 degrees above the pre-industrial era

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how much less rain will the sahal and Mediterranean receive

A

20-30% less rain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

when was there a big drought in the amazon

A

2005, 2010mand 2014-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how much of terrestrial vegetation crbon store is in the amazon

A

17%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what were the impacts of drought in the amazon

A

billions of trees died
rivers dried up, fish died
less carbon stored in forest as drier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

how much co2 does rainforest usually absorb per year

A

1.5 billion tonnes of CO2 a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

how much CO2 was released in amazon in 2005

A

5 billion tonnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

how much CO2 was released in amazon in 2010

A

8 billion tonnes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

how much of coral reefs may be bleached

A

80% eg great barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

how many bird species are effected by fewer bird habitats in north america

A

314

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what % of land species with limited adaptability to chnaging climate will go extinct

what are the rates of extinction of all species

A

10%

15-40% all species particular those in arctic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

how much further north do species of butterflies move north each decade?

A

6.1km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

wood to use as fuel which is the source of how many people globally

A

1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

how much of world oxygen do coral reefs produce

A

half

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

how much of ocean floor do coral reefs cover

A

0.0025%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what % of marine species live in coral reefs

A

home to 25% marine species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

how long ago was the continental drift

A

3 million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

how long do milankavich cycles last

A

milankavich cycles last over 100,000 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

how many degrees does axil tilt change by

A

from 21.5 degrees and 24.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

how long do axil tilt cycles last

A

41,000 cycles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

how long do axil wobble cycles last

A

results in 21,000 year cycles and changes the severity of the seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

how much longer are summers when orbit is more circular in a perihelion

A

Summers will eb around 4 days longer in these conditions which also means winters are shorter so there is less ice.

an aphelion is furthest point away and has opposite effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

how many sherpas live in sagamatha national park

A

6000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

how much have glaciers shrunk in sagamatha NP

A

shrunk by 13%

impacting HEP, farming and creating lakes that could cause flooding if breaches glacial debris dam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

what magnitude was the earthquake that hit nepal an how many people did the consequent avalanch kill

A

-7.8 magnitude struck 220km from everast

killed 22

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

how many people do avalanches kill a year worldwide

A

200

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

how many visitors does Zermatt in Swiz attract a year

how many at peak season

A

2 million

35,000 a peak times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

how much of the worlds fresh water do glaciers store

A

69%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

how many glaciers on chinese side of tibetan plateau

A

37,000

68
Q

how many depend on glacial water supplies

A

2 billion

69
Q

how many reservoirs does china plan to build

A

59

70
Q

when was antarctic treaty set up

A

Antarctica is protected by international treaty

since 1959

71
Q

how big is the alaska wildlife refuge in km2

A

78,000km2

72
Q

when did sagamatha become a national park

what about UNESCO world heritage site

A

BECAME A NP IN 1976 AS A UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN 1979

73
Q

how big is sagamatha np

A

1150km2

74
Q

what % of land are zermatt reforesting

A

revegetating areas to cover 85% of areas

75
Q

how much of nepals forest now remains

A

30%

76
Q

how many residents in the Alps

A

14million residents

77
Q

how many tourists in the alps

A

120 million tourists

78
Q

how many countries have signed the antarctic treaty

A

60 which is representative of 89% of worlds people

79
Q

What is the population of Caribou in Greenland in 1993, compared to in 2001?

A 
1993 = 7000
2001 = 140,000

reindeer

80
Q

What is the population of Greenland?

A

56,000

81
Q

When was the Kyoto Protocol introduced?

A

2005

82
Q

When was the Paris Agreement signed?

A

2015

83
Q

How many countries signed the Paris Agreement?

A

142

84
Q

How much did the Paris Agreement give the US for Climate Risk Insurance?

A

$420 million

85
Q

How deep is Continuiouss Permafrost?

A

400m

86
Q

How deep is sporadic Permafrost?

A

10m

87
Q

What % of the Caingorms National Park is “wild land”?

A

47%

88
Q

What % of the Caingorms National Park is protected by European Laws?

A

49%

89
Q

How many people live and work in the Cairngorms?

A

18,000

90
Q

periglacial landscape example

A

yamal peninsula

yukon

91
Q

How deep is the permafrost on the Yamel Peninsula?

A

300m

92
Q

On the Yamel Peninsula how long is the Railway which has been built?

A

572m

93
Q

What is the population of the Nenets on the Yamel Peninsula?

A

410,000

ethnic group native to northern arctic Russia, Russian Far North.

94
Q

How far can the Nenets migrations be?

A

1000km each way

95
Q

what % of earthquakes occur on pacific ring of fire

A

70%

96
Q

how many volcanos are there in the world and how many erupt each year

A

500
50 yearly

indonesia has the most

97
Q

what % of earthquakes are along plate boundaries

A

95%

98
Q

give example of transform fault and how big was the last earthquake here

A

san andreas

1906- 8.3

99
Q

when was the loma prieta earthquake

A

1989

100
Q

how hot are lava flows

A

1170 degrees

101
Q

how big and fast are Lahars

A

vary in size and speed can we 100m’s wide and travel 10m/s so too fast to outrun

102
Q

over last 300 years how many have died due to volcanic hazards

A

260,000

103
Q

how many evacuated in iceland eruption

A

700

104
Q

how much did airlines lose in iceland eruption

A

$1.7 billion

105
Q

how high did the plume of very fine volcanic ash of icelands volcano go

A

33,000 ft

which spread over west europe

106
Q

how many passengers unable to board flights in icelandic eruption

A

10 million

107
Q

how much did europe economy lose in iceland eruption

A

$5 billion

108
Q

when was the eyjafjallajokull eruption

A

2010

109
Q

how many people died in indian ocean tsunami

A

300,000

110
Q

how many commercial flights cancelled in icelandic eruption

A

100,000

111
Q

how many villages destroyed in sumatra 2004

A

1500

112
Q

how many left homeless in sumatra in 2004

A

700,000

113
Q

how many structures in somalia were damaged by 2004 tsunami

A

2000

114
Q

how much did tourist industry lose in 2004 in thailand and how many lost their jobs

A

$25 million a month

120,000 lost jobs

115
Q

what was the overall cost of the 2004 indian ocean tsunami

A

$10 billion

116
Q

what caused tsunami in 2004

A

estimated 9.0 magnitude earthquake heaved ocean floor up 15m sending out shock waves

117
Q

how far did vegetation and top soil move inland in 2004 tsunami

A

vegetation and top soil moved 800m inland

118
Q

what was the number of people dead and missing of the 2010 haiti earthquake

A

316,000

119
Q

what % of villagers killed in coastal villages in tsunami 2004

A

70%

120
Q

what % of people over 60 live in less developed regions

A

66%

121
Q

what factors does PAR model include

A

pressure and release model
1= root causes eg limited access to resources or ideolgies
2= dynamic pressures such as lack of training and skills or macro forces such as deforestation or population growth
3= unsafe conditions such as fragile economy, environment, particular groups at risk

122
Q

what is the GDP per capita in Haiti

A

$1300

123
Q

what was the magnitude of the 2011 japan earthquake and tsunami

A

9.0

124
Q

why was it hard to access coastal communities in 2004 IOTsunami

A

jetties had been washed away and much of the infrastructure lost

125
Q

what % of sri lankas industrial infrastructure and fishing fleet destroyed

A

60%

126
Q

what was the economic cost of the 2010 haiti earthquake

A

$14 billion

127
Q

what is the GDP per capita in japan

A

$39, 473

128
Q

what was the magnitude of the 2008 china earthquake

A

7.9

129
Q

what was the number of people dead and missing of the 2008 china earthquake

A

87,000

130
Q

what is japans hazard risk score

A

133/190 nations

131
Q

what was the number of newly homeless people in the 2008 china earthquake

A

5 million

132
Q

what % of earthquakes in world effect japan

A

30%

133
Q

what is the GDP per capita in china

A

$6000

134
Q

what was the economic cost of japans 2011 E + T

A

$240 billion

135
Q

how many more passengers did eurostar see after icelandic eruption

A

50,000

136
Q

what was the number of newly homeless people in the 2010 haiti earthquake

A

1.3 million

137
Q

how many made homeless in japan earthquake and tsunami

A

130,000

138
Q

number of dead and missing in 2011 japan earthquake and tsunami

A

19,000

139
Q

what was the economic cost of china earthquake

A

$125.6 billion

140
Q

how many relief workers died during china earthquake

A

200

141
Q

how many tonnes of debris left over from earthquake and tsunami in japan

A

25 million tonnes

142
Q

how many buildings destroyed in japan earthquake

A

300,000

143
Q

magnitude of haiti earthquake

A

7.0

144
Q

how much did chinese gov pledge to rebuild

A

$10 billion

within 2 weeks already rebuidling

145
Q

how many people lost homes in haiti earthquake

in 2015 how many still homeless

A

1.3 million as it hit HISPANIOLA

2015 80,000 still displaced

146
Q

what % in haiti live in poverty

A

75%

147
Q

what % of chinas gdp do the 2 regions worst hit acount for

A

45%

148
Q

how many troupes released in 2011 japan earthquake

A

110,000

149
Q

how much in aid was donated to Haiti

A

$13 billion

150
Q

how many struggled with after effects of 2010 earthquakes cholera outbreak

A

7000 died

720,000 effected

151
Q

what is the overall trend with economic cost in natural disasters

A

increasing cost
in 1990 $20 billion
this increased by $100 billion a year between 2000 and 2010

152
Q

how hot are pyroclastic flows and how fast do they travel

A

-700 degrees

much faster than lava flows as they are 100km/h

153
Q

how much higher is death toll from disasters in low income countries

A

3x

154
Q

how did japans energy mix change after the earthquake

A

before 27% was from nuclear

after- 44 reactors shut down and only 1% of energy was from a nuclear source

155
Q

what % live in poverty in philippines

A

25%

156
Q

what were the effects of the 2006 earthquake in the Philippines
deaths
injured
damaged or destroyed buildings

A

15 deaths
injured 100
destroyed 800

157
Q

in California, when was the last time more than 100 died in disaster

A

1933 Long beach earthquake

158
Q

how much did the icelandic eruption cost countries such as Kenya and Zambia who provide fruit to Europe

A

$65million

159
Q

how many natural disasters was the Philippines hit by in 2013

A

3 in 3 months of each other

160
Q

how many did typhoon haiyan in November 2013 kill

A

6201

161
Q

how many died in nepal earthquake in 2015

A

8600

162
Q

how much did 2015 nepal earthqauke cost

A

$5 billion 25% of their gdp

163
Q

how many left homeless in 2015 nepal earthquake

A

3million

164
Q

example of when diverting lava flows was successful

A

successful in 1983 Mount etna

165
Q

how many left homeless in the 2005 Pakistan earthquake

A

3.5 million left homeless

166
Q

how did ngos help in the 2005 Pakistan earthquake

A

-provided over 500,000 tents and blankets and safe water for 700,000 and helped w/ emergency medical care eg Red Cross

167
Q

how did hurricane sandy effect recovery efforts in haiti

A

2013

slowed recovery

A lvl Geography Final Exam (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions