Rising tensions due to superpowers

Question 1

what are the effects of counterfeiting

Answer 1

it undermines the global system of interlectual property rights and patenting
it strains trade relations and TNC investment

Question 2

what are the negative impacts of counterfeiting on the company

Answer 2

damages brand image
endangering consumers (1000 electrical deaths a year in the US from appliances)
loss of sales which means companies have to cut costs
some companies then unable to sustain investment in new technology

Question 3

which countries are main culprits of counterfeiting

Answer 3

China, taiwan, singapore and russia

Question 4

how many jobs are lost due to counterfeiting

Answer 4

2.5 million

Question 5

how much has counterfeiting cost companies ayear

Answer 5

$85 million

Question 6

why is counterfeiting on the increase

Answer 6

less economically developed countries cant compete with these high end brands
so counterfeiting boosts their economies at the expense of G8

Question 7

why has global counterfeiting grown

Answer 7

because global manufacturing has shifting to countries where intertellectual property rights are poorly protected

Question 8

what was put in place to prevent counterfeiting

Answer 8

global system of interllectual property rights (IP) has existed since 1967 under world intellectual property organisation which is part of the UN

ensures that it is illegal to counterfeit and they dont own rights to the company
siezing goods at customs

Question 9

which brands opened law suits against counterfeiting goods

Answer 9

Gucci and Tiffany against prominant chinese banks

Question 10

why is governance a cause of insecurity in the middle east

Answer 10

most countries are relatively new states and so democracy is weak or non-existant

Question 11

how is a youthful population the cause of insecuirty in the middle east

Answer 11

many countries have youthful populations w/ high levels of unemployment and education

Question 12

why is history a factor causing insecurity in the middle east

Answer 12

many of the borders between countries were hand drawn on a map during colonial power and are not updated according to religious groups or reflect the geography

Question 13

who is involved in south china sea dispute

Answer 13

China and Japan and also USA, Philippines over 8 islands in East China Sea

Question 14

why are there tensions in South China Sea

Answer 14

Over the surrounding seas rich in fishing and extensive oil and gas reserves

Question 15

why is sovereignty questioned in the South China seas

Answer 15

> the islands were transferred to USA sovereignty in 1972
but 1600’s data justify claims to be owned by china
In 2010 a Japanese coastguard rammed a fishing trowler and arrested the boat and crew
Japanese activists staged protests on an island which prokoked people in Beijing

Question 16

what % world trade passes through south china sea via the Malacca Straight

Answer 16

30%

Question 17

what have china done which has caused tensions in south china sea

Answer 17

built airports and arteficial islands as well as military reserves on Spratly Islands

> > > Chinese navy working on anti-ship missiles and also silent submarines and have an aggressive approach

Question 18

what are the 4 main factors/case studies of tensions between superpowers

Exam question could be on these case studies

Answer 18

> spheres of influences such as Arctic Ocean

> Counterfeiting

> Russias border with europe

> South China Sea

Question 19

Briefly describe case study of how Russias borders with europe have caused tensions

Answer 19

Tensions between Russia and former communist states of East Europe have grown since Accession 8 countries joined the EU in 2004 causing a loss of sovereignty for Russia and made Russia seem weak
>Russia went on to oppose USA by constructing a strategic missile shield in Poland as well as planting the Russian Flag on the arctic seabed

> military intervention was needed in Ukraine after Gazprom cut Ukraines Gas supplies

these examples show Russias intentions to obtain claims on territories

Question 20

Describe breifly the Arctic Ocean Case study causing tension

Answer 20

> cost of oil is increasing as stocks run low $37 per barrel
13% of undiscovered oil in Arctic and as ice melts it s exposing more sea to drill
Countries involved are Greenland, Russia, Norway, USA, Denmark and Canada
law of the sea states that countries can exploit 200 miles from their coast however these spheres of influence have overlaps
88% of USA economy relies on oil revenues

> threats and tensions also due to impact to environement as fragile ecosystems in Arctic and risk of oil spills