Rising tensions due to superpowers Flashcards
what are the effects of counterfeiting
it undermines the global system of interlectual property rights and patenting
it strains trade relations and TNC investment
what are the negative impacts of counterfeiting on the company
damages brand image
endangering consumers (1000 electrical deaths a year in the US from appliances)
loss of sales which means companies have to cut costs
some companies then unable to sustain investment in new technology
which countries are main culprits of counterfeiting
China, taiwan, singapore and russia
how many jobs are lost due to counterfeiting
2.5 million
how much has counterfeiting cost companies ayear
$85 million
why is counterfeiting on the increase
less economically developed countries cant compete with these high end brands
so counterfeiting boosts their economies at the expense of G8
why has global counterfeiting grown
because global manufacturing has shifting to countries where intertellectual property rights are poorly protected
what was put in place to prevent counterfeiting
global system of interllectual property rights (IP) has existed since 1967 under world intellectual property organisation which is part of the UN
ensures that it is illegal to counterfeit and they dont own rights to the company
siezing goods at customs
which brands opened law suits against counterfeiting goods
Gucci and Tiffany against prominant chinese banks
why is governance a cause of insecurity in the middle east
most countries are relatively new states and so democracy is weak or non-existant
how is a youthful population the cause of insecuirty in the middle east
many countries have youthful populations w/ high levels of unemployment and education
why is history a factor causing insecurity in the middle east
many of the borders between countries were hand drawn on a map during colonial power and are not updated according to religious groups or reflect the geography
who is involved in south china sea dispute
China and Japan and also USA, Philippines over 8 islands in East China Sea
why are there tensions in South China Sea
Over the surrounding seas rich in fishing and extensive oil and gas reserves
why is sovereignty questioned in the South China seas
> the islands were transferred to USA sovereignty in 1972
but 1600’s data justify claims to be owned by china
In 2010 a Japanese coastguard rammed a fishing trowler and arrested the boat and crew
Japanese activists staged protests on an island which prokoked people in Beijing
what % world trade passes through south china sea via the Malacca Straight
30%
what have china done which has caused tensions in south china sea
built airports and arteficial islands as well as military reserves on Spratly Islands
> > > Chinese navy working on anti-ship missiles and also silent submarines and have an aggressive approach
what are the 4 main factors/case studies of tensions between superpowers
Exam question could be on these case studies
> spheres of influences such as Arctic Ocean
> Counterfeiting
> Russias border with europe
> South China Sea
Briefly describe case study of how Russias borders with europe have caused tensions
Tensions between Russia and former communist states of East Europe have grown since Accession 8 countries joined the EU in 2004 causing a loss of sovereignty for Russia and made Russia seem weak
>Russia went on to oppose USA by constructing a strategic missile shield in Poland as well as planting the Russian Flag on the arctic seabed
> military intervention was needed in Ukraine after Gazprom cut Ukraines Gas supplies
these examples show Russias intentions to obtain claims on territories
Describe breifly the Arctic Ocean Case study causing tension
> cost of oil is increasing as stocks run low $37 per barrel
13% of undiscovered oil in Arctic and as ice melts it s exposing more sea to drill
Countries involved are Greenland, Russia, Norway, USA, Denmark and Canada
law of the sea states that countries can exploit 200 miles from their coast however these spheres of influence have overlaps
88% of USA economy relies on oil revenues
> threats and tensions also due to impact to environement as fragile ecosystems in Arctic and risk of oil spills
