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NEU211 Intro to Neuro > Somatosensory System > Flashcards

Somatosensory System Flashcards

Exam 3

1
Q

What are the 4 major modalities of the somatosensory system?

A
  1. Discriminative Touch
  2. Proprioception
  3. Temperature
  4. Nociception
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2
Q

What is discriminative touch?

A

Non-painful/damaging touch

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3
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Awareness of ones own body position

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4
Q

What is nociception?

A

Pain sensation

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5
Q

Primary afferents

A

Peripheral axons that innervate things like skin

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6
Q

Aα is in charge of what? What degree of myelination?

A

Proprioception- thickly myelinated (20 UM)

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7
Q

Aβ is in charge of what? What degree of myelination?

A

Mechanoreception- decently myelinated (12 UM)

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8
Q

Aδ is in charge of what? What degree of myelination?

A

Pain & Temperature- lightly myelinated (5 UM)

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9
Q

C is in charge of what? What degree of myelination?

A

Pain, temp, itch-longer lasting pain- No myelination (1 UM)

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10
Q

What are the three myelinated primary afferents?

A
  1. Aα
  2. Aβ
  3. Aδ
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11
Q

What shape are Dorsal Root Ganglion?

A

Pseudo-unipolar cells

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12
Q

The DRG is a collection of ____________

A

Cell bodies

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13
Q

Where does the central axon send action potentials to?

A

The CNS

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14
Q

Where does the peripheral axon send action potentials from and to?

A

From skin to the DRG

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15
Q

Mechanoreceptors detect ______________of skin and other body parts

A

mechanical stimulation

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16
Q

What are the two types of mechanoreceptors?

A
  1. Sensory receptor cell mechanoreceptors
  2. Sensory neuron mechanoreceptors
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17
Q

How do sensory neuron mechanoreceptors work?

A

The stretching of receptors cells opens Na+ channels

18
Q

What are the two adaptions of stimulus?

A
  1. Rapid adaptation
  2. Slow adaptation
19
Q

What are the two layers of glabrous?

A

Superficial and deep layes

20
Q

What is in the superficial layer? (2)

A
  1. Meissner’s corpuscle
  2. Merkel cells
21
Q

What is in the deep layers?

A

Pacinian corpuscle

22
Q

What are the features of a Merkel cell? (3)

A
  1. High acuity
  2. Sensitive to indentation of skin
  3. Depth of indentation (edges, points, curves)
23
Q

What is the signaling process of Merkel Cells?

A

Synaptic vesicles release NT (serotonin)

24
Q

What are the features of a Meissner Cell?

A
  1. Lower acuity than Merkel, higher than Pacinian
  2. Rapidly adapting (good for timing resolution)
  3. Respond to low frequency vibrations (brushing against something)
25
Q

What is the structure of a Meissner cell?

A

Surrounded by spiral nerve endings

26
Q

What are the features of a Pacinian corpuscle?

A
  1. Very low acuity
  2. Rapidly adapting (Good for timing resolution)
  3. Responds to high frequency vibration (earthquakes)
27
Q

In pain, primary afferents are preferentially sensitive to ___________

A

noxious/damaging stimulus

28
Q

What are the three endogenous opioids?

A
  1. Enkephalin
  2. Endorphin
  3. Dynorphin
29
Q

What receptors do Endorphins bind to?

A

Mu

30
Q

What receptors do Enkephalin bind to?

A

Delta

31
Q

What receptors do dynorphin bind to?

A

Kappa

32
Q

What is sensitization?

A

A decrease of threshold, increase in magnitude of response to a previously effective stimulus

33
Q

What does the first order of the pathway contain? (2 types of neurons)

A
  1. DRG Neurons (everything but face)
  2. Trigeminal sensory neuron (Face)
34
Q

What does the first order of the pathway do?

A

Receive input and carry to spinal cord

35
Q

What does the second order of the pathway do?

A

Carries from S.C. to the thalamus/medulla

36
Q

What does the third order of the pathway do?

A

Carries info from thalamus/medulla to the primary cortex

37
Q

Where does pain sensation cross over at?

A

In the Spinal Cord

38
Q

Where does touch sensation cross over at?

A

The medulla

39
Q

What is the faster pathway for pain nociception?

A

Neospinal tract

40
Q

What is the slow pathway for pain nociception?

A

Paleospinal tract

41
Q

What fibers is discriminative touch sent by?

A

A-Beta

42
Q

Pain and temperature are sent by what fibers?

A

A-Gamma and C

NEU211 Intro to Neuro (13 decks)

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