Movement & Motor Control

Question 1

What are the three types of movements?

Answer 1

1. Reflexes
2. Rhythmic
3. Voluntary

Question 2

What is reflexive movement?

Answer 2

Involuntary movement that acts as a response to an incoming stimuli

Question 3

What is rhythmic movement?

Answer 3

Controlled by pattern generators in brain stem; any rhythmic actions

Question 4

What is voluntary movement?

Answer 4

Movement that is initiated to accomplish a specific goal; controlled by primary motor cortex

Question 5

Flinching is an example of what type of movement?

Answer 5

Reflexive

Question 6

Walking and chewing is an example of what type of movement?

Answer 6

Rhythmic

Question 7

Grabbing an item or writing is an example of what type of movement?

Answer 7

Voluntary

Question 8

Ventral roots = __________ Motor Neurons

Answer 8

Lower

Question 9

Neurons between ventral horn and cortex = ______ Motor neuron

Answer 9

Upper

Question 10

What is the organization of muscles from largest to smallest? (6)

Answer 10

1. Muscle
2. Fascicles
3. Muscle fiber cells
4. Myofibrils
5. Sarcomeres
6. Myofilaments

Question 11

What is the Sarcolemme? What is its job?

Answer 11

Plasma membrane; Separate ICF from ECF

Question 12

Myofibrils are made up of

Answer 12

sarcomeres

Question 13

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What does it store?

Answer 13

The muscle cells Endoplasmic Reticulum: Ca2+

Question 14

What do myofibrils do for muscle contraction?

Answer 14

They shorten

Question 15

What are the two types of myofilaments?

Answer 15

Actin and Myosin

Question 16

Is actin thin or thick?

Answer 16

Thin (think of acTHIN)

Question 17

Is myosin thin or thick?

Answer 17

Thick

Question 18

Tropomyosin covers what binding sites? Is this binding site on actin or myosin?

Answer 18

Myosin binding sites; Actin

Question 19

What does troponin hold in place?

Answer 19

Tropomyosin

Question 20

Action potential depolarization travels across the ________ and then through the _____________ in order to depolarize the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 20

Sarcolemma; T-tubules

Question 21

What VG channels does the SR contain?

Answer 21

VGCa2+

Question 22

In a relaxed state, do thin and thick filaments partially or fully overlap?

Answer 22

Partially

Question 23

During contraction, Thin filaments slide past thick filaments, makes them

Answer 23

overlap more

Question 24

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 24

The synapse of a motor neuron with a muscle fiber

Question 25

What is an end plate potential?

Answer 25

A local depolarization; diffusion of Na+ in the cell

Question 26

What are EPPs comparable to?

Answer 26

EPSPs

Question 27

What role does acetylcholine play in the generation of an AP?

Answer 27

It opens the ligand gated ion channels allowing Na+ to rush into cell