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NEU211 Intro to Neuro > Intro to Neuro & Neurons/Glia > Flashcards

Intro to Neuro & Neurons/Glia Flashcards

Study guide for quiz 1 and Exam 1

1
Q

Functions of the Nervous System

A
  1. Sensory Output
  2. Integration
  3. Motor output
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2
Q

What is sensory output?

A

Physical stimuli are converted into neuronal signals; visual info, smell, touch

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3
Q

What is Integration?

A

Interpretation & storage of sensory input; higher & lower thinking

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4
Q

What is Motor Output?

A

Send signals to effector organs that initiate change

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5
Q

What are the main divisions of the NS?

A

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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6
Q

What are the main components of the CNS?

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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7
Q

What are the main components of the PNS?

A

Spinal Nerves and Cranial Nerves

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8
Q

Medial

A

Closer to midline (middle)

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9
Q

Lateral

A

Further from midline

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10
Q

Superior (dorsal)

A

Higher

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11
Q

Inferior (ventral)

A

Lower

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12
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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13
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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14
Q

Functions of the Frontal Lobe

A

Primary Motor cortex, Speech, reasoning, Emotions, Decision Making, and Planning

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15
Q

Functions of the Parietal

A

Primary somatosensory cortex, orientation, recognition, and attention

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16
Q

Function of the Occipital lobe

A

Visual Processing

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17
Q

Function of the Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, smell, memory, and speech

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18
Q

Parts of the Cerebrum: Cortex and Subcortex (8)

A

Cortex: frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, insula, corpus callosum
Subcortex: basal ganglia and limbic system

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19
Q

Function of Insula

A

Taste and odor perception (Gustatory Cortex)

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20
Q

Function of Corpus Callosum

A

Integrates and Transfers information between hemispheres

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21
Q

Function of the Basal Ganglia

A

Regulating motor activity and starting/stopping action

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22
Q

Function of the Limbic System

A

Memory and Emotional processing

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23
Q

Components of the Brainstem

A

Hindbrain and the Midbrain

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24
Q

Function of Midbrain

A

Made up of superior and inferior Colliculi: Fast, unprocessed route for sensory information

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25
Q

Function of Hindbrain

A

Made up of Pons and medulla: Regulates breathing and heart rate

26
Q

Function of Cerebellum

A

Needed for movement coordination and motor control

27
Q

Function of spinal cord

A

Transfer sensory and motor information to and from the brain (input and output)

28
Q

Input processing

A

Sensory information travels from PNS to the brain (Into the brain)

29
Q

Output Processing

A

Motor info travels from the brain to the PNS (out of brain)

30
Q

3 Ways the Brain is protected

A
  1. Meninges (Pia and Dura Mater)
  2. The skull
  3. Blood Brain Barrier
31
Q

How is CSF produced and what are its functions

A

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus. CSF functions are to protect/cushion, remove waste, and be a source of nutrients

32
Q

Parts of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

A

Tight junctions, continuous endothelial cell basement membrane, and astrocytes wrapped around the endothelial cells

33
Q

Functions of the BBB

A

Helps maintain a stable environment for the brain and separates neurons from blood-borne illnesses

34
Q

What is the main difference between neurons and glia?

A

Neurons undergo Action potential and are excitatory, while glia only provide supportive roles

35
Q

What are the glia in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Microglial cells, Ependymal cells, and Oligodendrocytes

36
Q

Astrocyte Functions

A

Provide structural support, regulate neurons and ions, and from scar tissue and the BBB

37
Q

Ependymal cells Function

A

Line the inside of the ventricles and help formulate CSF

38
Q

Oligodendrocytes function

A

Form myelin sheath in the CNS

39
Q

Microglial Cell Functions

A

Small cells that phagocytize cells and cellular debris

40
Q

What are the glia in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells and Satellite Glia

41
Q

Schwann cells Function

A

Produce Myelin in PNS

42
Q

Satellite Glia Function

A

Provide Nutrients and Structurally support neurons

43
Q

Sequence of a typical nerve sequence

A

Dendrites receive an impulse, impulse travels through soma to the axon, myelinated axon transmit the impulse to axon terminal, impulse is transferred to the next neuron.

44
Q

What is myelin sheath?

A

A sheath composed of myelin that wraps around axons

45
Q

Functions of myelin sheath

A

Increases the speed of nerve impulse transmissions

46
Q

Why are there so many different types of neurons?

A

The body has a lot of functions and each neuron has a specific function

47
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

Connect SC to trunk an appendages

48
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

Connect brain to structures in head/neck

49
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

Take in information + convert to electrical signals

50
Q

What is the autosomal NS?

A

“Fight or flight” Automatic

51
Q

What are gyri/gyrus?

A

The raised surface of the brain

52
Q

What are sulci/sulcus?

A

The dips and folds on the surface of the brain

53
Q

What is the amygdala?

A

Processes emotion and/or threat

54
Q

What is the hippocampus?

A

Binding items and events in memories

55
Q

Superior colliculi function

A

Integrate information from vision, hearing, and touch

56
Q

Inferior colliculi function

A

Specialized for auditory processing

57
Q

Cingulate gyrus function

A

Detects “conflict” in decision-making, regulates aggression, and emotional response to pain

58
Q

What are the choroid plexuses made up of?

A

Capillaries and Ependymal cells

59
Q

Group of cell bodies found in CNS

A

Nuclei

60
Q

Group of cell bodies found in PNS

A

Ganglia

61
Q

Nerves are bundles of ______

A

Axons

62
Q

What disorder is caused by a death of cells in the substantia nigra?

A

Parkinson’s disease

NEU211 Intro to Neuro (13 decks)

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