Cell organelles

Question 1

What organelles are involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 1

Nucleus, Ribosomes, Rough ER, Mitochondria, Cytoskeleton

Question 2

What is the 3-step process of making a protein?

Answer 2

DNA –> RNA –> Protein

Question 3

What is the plasma membrane?*

Answer 3

Separates extracellular fluid (ECF) from Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 4

Function of cytoplasm

Answer 4

Hold organelles in place in the cell

Question 5

What is cytoplasm made up of?

Answer 5

Cytosol

Question 6

What is Cytosol?

Answer 6

ICF composed of H2O and dissolved ions, amino acids, and sugars; makes a jelly-like substance

Question 7

What are organelles?

Answer 7

Structures in the cell that have specific functions

Question 8

How do neuronal eukaryotic cells differ from regular eukaryote cells?

Answer 8

Neuronal cells can send impulses long distances

Question 9

What two organelles are sometime found in the axon or dendrites of a Neuronal SOMA?

Answer 9

Mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 10

What does the nucleus do in protein synthesis?

Answer 10

The nucleus controls the protein synthesis

Question 11

What important building block does the nucleus contain for protein synthesis?

Answer 11

DNA

Question 12

What is transcription?

Answer 12

The process of copying mRNA from DNA

Question 13

What is DNA organized and packed into?

Answer 13

double-stranded DNA becomes Chromosomes

Question 14

mRNA contains _____

Answer 14

Nucleotides and ACGU

Question 15

DNA contains ________

Answer 15

Nucleotides and ACGT

Question 16

From the nucleus, RNA travels to ______

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

What are ribosomes?

Answer 17

Granules that contain proteins and rRNA

Question 18

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 18

Site of protein synthesis

Question 19

What is Translation?

Answer 19

Process of using mRNA to make protein (translating mRNA’s message into protein)

Question 20

2 Differences between free ribosomes and membrane-bound ribosomes?*

Answer 20

1. Free ribosomes float alone in the cytosol, while the membrane-bound ribosomes are attached to the rough ER
2. Free ribosomes make “local” proteins, while the membrane-bound ribosomes make “long-distance” proteins

Question 21

What are codons?

Answer 21

Sets of 3 nucleotides that attach to anticodons

Question 22

What do codons do?

Answer 22

Read mRNA + using correct codon sequence creates a string of amino acids

Question 23

What is a point mutation?

Answer 23

When one codon is off, it can create a whole wrong sequence

Question 24

What is the rough ER’s functions? (2)

Answer 24

1. Manufactures all secreted and membrane proteins
2. Processes proteins folds and directs to end location

Question 25

What is attached to the external rough ER?

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

Golgi Body function

Answer 26

Package intracellular stuff for travel

Question 27

Mitochondria function*

Answer 27

Produce energy ATP

Question 28

ATP runs what pump?

Answer 28

Na+/K+ ATPase

Question 29

To produce ATP, the mitochondria requires __________

Answer 29

Oxygen; aerobic cellular respiration

Question 30

What is the Cytoskeleton’s functions?*

Answer 30

Support shape, mechanical support, transport

Question 31

What two things make up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 31

Microtubules and Microfilaments

Question 32

What do microtubules do?

Answer 32

Support shape of axon & dendrite; transportation of vesicles down axon

Question 33

What do microfilaments do?

Answer 33

Help structure of cell body; hold organelles in place

Question 34

What is kinesin?*

Answer 34

A motor protein that utilizes ATP to “walk” across microtubules

Question 35

What disease are neurofibrillary tangles associated with?

Answer 35

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 36

What is the function of tau protein?

Answer 36

stabilize microtubules; keep from unwinding

Question 37

What is produced in the ER? *

Answer 37

Glucose