Solving Problems and Making Decisions

Question 1

Choices a rational person makes under ideal circumstances

Answer 1

Normative Decision Making

Question 2

Choices a typical person makes under typical circumstances

Answer 2

Descriptive Decision Making

Question 3

The initial state, goal state, and all possible states in between

Answer 3

Problem Space

Question 4

Evaluating all possible actions and selecting the best option

Answer 4

Forward chaining

Question 5

Starts with the goal and works back to initial state

Answer 5

Backward Chaining

Question 6

Identify the difference between current state and goal and attempt to reduce it

Answer 6

Means-end Analysis

Question 7

Useful heuristic of comparison

Answer 7

Analogy

Question 8

The worth of a choice’s outcome

Answer 8

Utility

Question 9

Theory that says the the highest utility choice will be chosen

Answer 9

Expected-utility Theory

Question 10

The idea that a decision maker bases their decisions on a simplified model of the world

Answer 10

Bounded Rationality

Question 11

Mental shortcuts

Answer 11

Heuristics

Question 12

Searching possible alternatives and choosing first acceptable solution

Answer 12

Satisficing Heuristic

Question 13

Choosing based on features that are most personally important

Answer 13

Elimination-by-aspects Heuristic

Question 14

Things that are easier to remember are judged as more likely to occur

Answer 14

Availability Heuristic

Question 15

More representative outcomes are judged more like to occur

Answer 15

Representativeness Heuristic