Solutions Flashcards
What are solutions?
Homogenous systems consisting of a solute, a solvent, and the products of their interaction.
What are some characteristics of solutions?
The solute is evenly distributed in the solvent
The solution may consist of 2 or more components
Solutions may be liquid, solid or gases
And the formation of solutions depend on the nature of the interaction between particles of the solvent and the solute and their nature
What is a solvent?
A substance that does not change its state of aggregation when dissolved. In the case of mixing substances with the same state of aggregation , the solvent is the component whose content is greater.
What does the ability to dissolve lead to in solutions?
It leads to classification of solutes;
Sparingly soluble ~ 0.001 to 1gram of solute per 100g solvent
Soluble ~ more than 1g solute per 100 grams of solvent
Insoluble ~ Less than 0.001g solute per 100g solvent
How may substances that are exposed to water react to it?
They may:
Dissolve in water (mix with it at an atomic-molecular level)
Chemically react with water
OR
Do not dissolve and do not chemically react with the water
What is Solubility Coefficient?
Ratio of mass of the solute to the mass of the solvent
According to concentration, how are solutions divided into?
Unsaturated solutions ~ Solution whose concentration is less than a saturated solutions and under given conditions, some more solution can be dissolved.
Saturated Solutions ~ Solution in which the maximum concentration is reached under given conditions.
Super Saturated Solution ~ A solution in which the concentration of the solute is greater than that of saturated one
According to concentration, how can solute solutions be divided?
Concentrated solution ~ Solutions with a relatively high soluble content
Dilute solution ~ Solution with a relatively low soluble content
What are some physical quantities characterizing the composition of a solution?
Mass fraction
Mass percentage
Molarity
Mole fraction
Mole ratio
Solubility
Volume fraction
Volume percentage
and some other qualities
What is molar concentration
Ratio of the amount of dissolved substance “n” to the volume of the entire solution ( mol/L)
Denoted as 1M
Formula C = n/V
What is mole fraction?
Ratio of amount of n of dissolved substance to the total amount of the substance of all compounds in the solution v
Phi = n of dissolved substance/n of solution
What is solubility?
Ratio of mass of solute to the mass of the solvent
What is Titer?
Ratio of mass of the solute m of dis, to the volume of the solution expressed in ml
T = m of solute/V of solution
According to mechanism of dissolution, dissolution of solutions can be divided into?
Physical and Chemical
What is Physical dissolution?
Dissolution in which there is a break and the formation of only intermolecular bonds ( including H bonds)
