Acids Flashcards
What are acids?
Complex chemicals consisting of one or more hydrogen atoms that can be replaced by metal atoms and acidic residues
What are some common chemical properties of acids?
1.Dissociation and Decomposition
2. They also interact with the following: Metals, Bases, Salts, and Basic and Amphoteric oxides.
What is dissociation?
This is when an acid dissociates to form hydrogen cations and anions of the acid residues.
What does the ability to dissociate lead to, in terms of acids?
It leads to acids being divided into Well dissociating (Strong) acids and Low Dissociating (Weak) acids.
What is Decomposition in relation to acids?
This is when oxygen containing acids break down to produce acid oxides and water
Do all acids decompose the same?
No, some require heating or radiation (HCl, HNO3, H3PO4) while others spontaneously decompose (H2CO3, H2SO3, HNO2).
Which metals can displace hydrogen from acids?
Li, Rb, K, Ba, Sc, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Pb
Which metals cannot displace hydrogen atoms from acids?
Sb, Cu, Hg, Ag, Pt, Au
How does Sodium react to diluted Nitric acid?
Sodium(Na):
forms NaNO3 + NH4NO3+ H2O
How does Aluminum react to Dilute Nitric acid?
Aluminum (Al):
forms Al(NO3)3 + depending on conc + N2O, NH4NO3 + H2O
How does Zinc and Magnesium react to dilute Nitric Acid?
They form a salt (M(NO3)2) + depending on conc + NO2, NO, N2O, N2, NH4NO3 + H2O.
How does Coppe and Iron react to diluted Nitric Acid?
They form a salt Cu(NO3)2 + NO + H2O
How does Sodium react to concentrated Nitric Acid?
it forms NaNO3 + N2O + H2O
How does Aluminum and Iron react to concentrated Nitric Acid?
In cold - Passivation
How does Copper react to concentrated Nitric Acid?
It forms Cu(NO3)2 + NO2 + H20
How do Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Zinc and Iron react to diluted H2SO4?
they form salts beginning with the composition MSO4 + H2.
How do Sodium, Magnesium, Zinc (when heated) react with concentrated H2SO4?
They form a salt (MSO4) + H2S +H2O
How does Aluminum (when heated), Iron (when heated), Zinc and Copper react to concentrated H2SO4?
They form a salt (M2SO4 for Al and Fe, MSO4 for Cu) + Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) + Water (H2O).
How does Aluminum and Iron react to conc H2SO4 without heating?
In cold for Al and Fe, passivation
How do acids interact with bases?
They form Salts and water
E.g NaOH + HCL= NaCl + H2O
1How do acids interact with salts?
Strong acids displace weak acids from solutions of their salts, forming a new salt and an acid/water/gas
EG
HCl+CaCO3 = CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
Interaction of acids with basic and amphoteric oxides
They from a salt and water
Reducing properties of anoxic acids
Lead to formation of halogens
E.g
LiHCl + MnO2 = MnCl2 + Cl2+ 2H2O
