Bases

Question 1

What is a base?

Answer 1

A complex substance that consists of a metal cation and a hydroxyl group (OH)

Question 2

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 2

NaOH
Ba (OH)2
Fe (OH)2

Question 3

How do we name bases?

Answer 3

1. We write the word hydroxide
2. We indicate the name of the second chemical element in the genetive case.
3. If the second element has a valency, we indicate it in brackets in compound name.

Question 4

How are bases classified?

Answer 4

By solubility

Question 5

How are soluble bases classified?

Answer 5

They’re classified:
Alkali; bases which are soluble in water
Insoluble water: Such as Fe(OH)2 and Cu(OH)2

Question 6

What are amphoteric bases?

Answer 6

Bases formed by metals with an oxidation state of +3 or +4 and exhibit both acidic and basic properties.

Question 7

What are the examples of amphoteric bases with a different valency?

Answer 7

Zn (OH)2, Pb (OH)2, Sn (OH)2 and Be (OH)2

Question 8

How are monoacidic, duo-acidic and tri-acidic compounds distinguished?

Answer 8

According to the number of hydroxyl groups which get replaced by an acid residue.

Question 9

What are physical properties of bases?

Answer 9

Under normal conditions, they are colorless, non-volatile, crystalline, and often white

Question 10

Which bases are white?

Answer 10

Lithium Hydroxide (LiOH)
Magnesium (II) hydroxide (Mg (OH)2)
Calcium (II) hydroxide (Ca (OH)2)

Question 11

Which base is yellow?

Answer 11

Copper (II) Hydroxide (CuOH)

Question 12

Which base is light purple?

Answer 12

Manganese (II) Hydroxide Mn(OH)

Question 13

Which base is red brown?

Answer 13

Iron (III) Hydroxide Fe (OH)3

Question 14

which base is white with a greenish tint?

Answer 14

Iron (II) Hydroxide Fe (OH)2

Question 15

Which base is light green

Answer 15

Nickel (II) Hydroxide Ni (OH)2

Question 16

Which base is blue?

Answer 16

Copper (II) Hydroxide Cu (OH)2

Question 17

How do bases interact with acids and amphoteric oxides?

Answer 17

They form a salt + water

Question 18

How do bases react with salts?

Answer 18

They form another base and a salt

Question 19

How do bases react in thermal decomposition?

Answer 19

They form an oxide and water.

Question 20

How do alkalis react with amphoteric hydroxides?

Answer 20

If solid, a medium salt and water is formed. But if in solution, a complex salt is formed.

Question 21

How do metals interact with water?

Answer 21

Active metals (metals in G1 and 2, except for Be and Mg) actively interact with water and lead to the formation of alkalis.
Magnesium hydroxide can only be obtained this way when heated.
Eg
2Na + 2H2O = 2NaOH + H2

Question 22

How do oxides of alkali and alkaline earth metal atoms react with water?

Answer 22

They form an alkali.
Cao + H2O = Ca (OH)2

Question 23

What is electrolysis?

Answer 23

This is when a constant electric current is conducted through a solution.

Question 24

What does electrolysis lead to in terms of bases?

Answer 24

It can help us obtain Sodium or Potassium Hydroxide
E.G
KCl + H2O = KOH + H2+ Cl2

Question 25

How do we obtain insoluble bases?

Answer 25

By reacting an alkali with a salt
E.G
Cu (NO3)2 + 2KOH = CU (OH)2 + 2KNO3