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Chemistry > Salts > Flashcards

Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a salt?

A

A complex substance which includes metal cations and anions of acidic residues.
May also contain hydroxide or hydrogen ions.

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2
Q

What is the classification of salts?

A

Since salts are the product of complete or partial replacement of an acid by a metal, they can be classified according to their composition as follows:
Acid Salts
Medium salts,
Basic salts
Double salts
Mixed Salts
Complex Salts
and
Hydrate salts

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3
Q

What is an Acid Salt?

A

Salt formed by the incomplete replacement of hydrogen atoms by a metal in an acid.
Examples include:
LiHCO3 - Lithium Bicarbonate
NaHSO4 - Sodium Hydrogen sulfate
NaH2PO4 - Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

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4
Q

What are medium salts?

A

These are salts formed by the complete replacement of hydrogen atoms in an acid with a metal.
Examples include:
CuSO4 - Copper (II) Sulfate
CaCl2 - Calcium Chloride

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5
Q

What are basic salts?

A

These are products of incomplete replacement of hydroxide groups by an acidic residue.
An example includes Mg (OH)Cl.

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6
Q

What are double salts?

A

This is when the composition includes two different metals and one acid residue.
Example
KNaSO4 - Potassium - Sodium Sulfate
KAl(SO4)2 - Potassium-Aluminum Sulfate

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7
Q

What are Mixed Salts?

A

These are salts that contain one metal and two different acidic residues.
Examples include:
CaClOCl- Calcium Chloride-Hypochloride
PbFCl- Lead Fluoride-Chloride

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8
Q

What are Complex Salts?

A

These are formed by complex cations or anions associated with several ligands.
An example includes:
K [AL (OH)4] Potassium tetrahydoxoaluminite

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9
Q

What are Hydrate Salts?

A

These are salts whose composition includes a molecule of crystallization water.
An example includes:
CuSO4.5H20 - Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate

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10
Q

How are medium salts obtained?

A

They can be formed during the following reactions:

Metal + Non-metal = Salt
Metal on the left of H2 in reactivity + Acid solution=Salt + Hydrogen gas
Metal + Salt solution with less reactive metal= Salt + Metal atom
Basic Oxide + Acid Oxide = Salt
Basic Oxide + Acid =Salt + Water
Base with acidic oxide = Salt + Water
Salt + Acid = Salt + Water/Gas/Acid
Base solution with salt solution = Salt +Hydroxide

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11
Q

How are acidic salts obtained?

A

They can be formed during the following reactions:
Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen gas
Acid + Metal Oxide = Salt + Water
Acid + Metal Hydroxide = Salt + Water
Acid + Salt = Salt
Acid + Ammonia = Salt
Base + excess acid oxide = Acidic salt

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12
Q

How are basic salts obtained?

A

Acid + excess base = Basic Salt + Water
Addition of alkalis to solutions of medium metal salts = Salt + salt
Interaction of weak acids + Medium salts = Basic salt

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13
Q

How are complex salts obrained?

A

This is when a salt reacts with a ligand.

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14
Q

How do we make double salts?

A

These are obtained by the co-crystallization of two salts:

Cr2(SO4)3 + K2SO4 + 24H2O = 2[KCr(SO4)2.12H2O]

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15
Q

What are the chemical properties of Medium Salts?

A

Decompose into ions.
Thermally decompose to produce a gas and salt.
Interact with metals to form a new salt + metal.
Susceptible to hydrolysis.
Performs exchange reactions with acids, bases and between two salts.
Also undergo redox reactions

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16
Q

How do ammonia salts decompose?

A

Decompose to release nitrogen or nitrogen oxide if the anion in the composition exhibits oxidizing properties.
Other times, it may also lead to the release of Ammonia gas.

17
Q

Chemical properties of acid salts.

A

Complete dissociation
Thermally decompose into a medium salt + water + gas
Interact with alkalis to form an average salt + water

18
Q

Chemical properties of basic salts.

A

Thermally decompose into a metal oxide +gas/water
React with acids to form an average salt.
And dissociate completely like acid salts.

19
Q

Chemical properties of complex salts

A

Interaction with excess strong acid leads to formation of two medium salts and water
While the lack of a strong acid leads to the formation of an average salt of the active metal, amphoteric hydroxide and water
Interaction with a weak acid forms an acid salt with the active metal, an amphoteric hydroxide and water.
And interaction with CO2 or SO2 leads to an acid salt of the active metal +Amphoteric hydroxide.
When interacting with Fe3+, Al3+ or Cr3+, products are two amphoteric hydroxides, and active metal.

Chemistry (18 decks)

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