Solutions Flashcards
Define solute
the substance dissolved in the solvent
Define solvent.
the substance in which the solute is dissolved in
Define aqueous
a solution in which the solvent is water
What is a supersaturated solution?
has more solute than it can normally hold
Define dilution.
process of adding more solvent to a solution to make it less concentrated
What is a unsaturated solution?
has less solute than the maximum capacity
What is a saturated solution?
a solution that contains the max amount of solute
What is molarity?
the number of moles of a dissolved solute per liter of solution
What is molality?
moles of solute/kg solvent
Colligative properties depend on what:
number of solute particles
Colligative properties depend on what:
number of solute particles
Define nonelectrolyte
Does not dissociate into ions in a solution (mostly covalent)
When are gases most soluble in liquids?
At lower temperature and high pressure
Define distillation.
Separating mixtures with two separate boiling points
Solutions are examples of:
homogeneous mixtures
How can you create a supersaturated solution?
Increase the temperature of the solution
Define electrolyte.
A substance that dissolves in water and conducts an electric current
Define solubility.
amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
When two liquids mix, they are said to be
miscible
Define suspension.
heterogeneous mixture that has been well-mixed, but particles settle out over time
Define colloids
stable heterogeneous mixtures
What are the methods of separation?
filtering, centrifuge, decant, evaporate, distillation, chromatography
Define chromatography.
Separates components of a mixture based on how quickly molecules dissolved in a mobile phase solvent move along a solid phase.
Define concentration.
the amount of solute in the solution that can be calculated different ways
Define Henry’s Law.
the solubility of a gas increases as the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid increases
What do strong electrolytes do?
completely dissociate into ions and conduct electricity well
What do weak electrolytes do?
provide few ions in a solution
What do electrolytes depend on?
Depends on the number of ions that form when the ionic compound dissociates
Define emulsion
made of colloid-sized droplets suspended in liquid in which they would ordinarily be insoluble unless stabilized
Give two examples of emulsifying agents
soap and detergents
Homogeneous mixtures:
solutions where the particles are evenly distributed or blended
Heterogeneous mixtures:
do not blend smoothly throughout, individual substances remain distant, ex: suspension and colloids
Define miscible
two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion
Define immiscible
two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after
Define solvation.
process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution-affected by temperature
Define heat of solution
the overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation process
