Solutions

Question 1

Define solute

Answer 1

the substance dissolved in the solvent

Question 2

Define solvent.

Answer 2

the substance in which the solute is dissolved in

Question 3

Define aqueous

Answer 3

a solution in which the solvent is water

Question 4

What is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 4

has more solute than it can normally hold

Question 5

Define dilution.

Answer 5

process of adding more solvent to a solution to make it less concentrated

Question 6

What is a unsaturated solution?

Answer 6

has less solute than the maximum capacity

Question 7

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 7

a solution that contains the max amount of solute

Question 8

What is molarity?

Answer 8

the number of moles of a dissolved solute per liter of solution

Question 9

What is molality?

Answer 9

moles of solute/kg solvent

Question 10

Colligative properties depend on what:

Answer 10

number of solute particles

Question 10

Colligative properties depend on what:

Answer 10

number of solute particles

Question 11

Define nonelectrolyte

Answer 11

Does not dissociate into ions in a solution (mostly covalent)

Question 12

When are gases most soluble in liquids?

Answer 12

At lower temperature and high pressure

Question 13

Define distillation.

Answer 13

Separating mixtures with two separate boiling points

Question 14

Solutions are examples of:

Answer 14

homogeneous mixtures

Question 15

How can you create a supersaturated solution?

Answer 15

Increase the temperature of the solution

Question 16

Define electrolyte.

Answer 16

A substance that dissolves in water and conducts an electric current

Question 17

Define solubility.

Answer 17

amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature

Question 18

When two liquids mix, they are said to be

Answer 18

miscible

Question 19

Define suspension.

Answer 19

heterogeneous mixture that has been well-mixed, but particles settle out over time

Question 20

Define colloids

Answer 20

stable heterogeneous mixtures

Question 21

What are the methods of separation?

Answer 21

filtering, centrifuge, decant, evaporate, distillation, chromatography

Question 22

Define chromatography.

Answer 22

Separates components of a mixture based on how quickly molecules dissolved in a mobile phase solvent move along a solid phase.

Question 23

Define concentration.

Answer 23

the amount of solute in the solution that can be calculated different ways

Question 24

Define Henry’s Law.

Answer 24

the solubility of a gas increases as the partial pressure of the gas on the surface of the liquid increases

Question 25

What do strong electrolytes do?

Answer 25

completely dissociate into ions and conduct electricity well

Question 26

What do weak electrolytes do?

Answer 26

provide few ions in a solution

Question 27

What do electrolytes depend on?

Answer 27

Depends on the number of ions that form when the ionic compound dissociates

Question 28

Define emulsion

Answer 28

made of colloid-sized droplets suspended in liquid in which they would ordinarily be insoluble unless stabilized

Question 29

Give two examples of emulsifying agents

Answer 29

soap and detergents

Question 30

Homogeneous mixtures:

Answer 30

solutions where the particles are evenly distributed or blended

Question 31

Heterogeneous mixtures:

Answer 31

do not blend smoothly throughout, individual substances remain distant, ex: suspension and colloids

Question 32

Define miscible

Answer 32

two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion

Question 33

Define immiscible

Answer 33

two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after

Question 34

Define solvation.

Answer 34

process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution-affected by temperature

Question 35

Define heat of solution

Answer 35

the overall energy change that occurs during the solution formation process