1st Semester Final Pt. 2 Chapters 5-7 Flashcards
How do covalent compounds form?
When two nonmetals share their electrons
How do cations and anions form? What is the charge for each?
Cations form from the loss of electrons and have a positive charge while anions form through the gain of electrons and have a negative charge.
Describe general properties of ionic compounds.
crystalline solids, high melting and boiling points, conduct electricity, soluble in water,
What are single, double, and triple bonds? Why do they form?
A single bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons, a double bond is formed when two atoms share two pairs (four electrons), three pairs of electrons (six atoms) are shared to form triple bonds. These types of bonds form to obtain a stable electron configuration
What are polar and non-polar compounds?
A polar molecule occurs when there is an unequal sharing of electrons within a bond. A nonpolar molecule occurs when there is equal sharing of electrons within a bond.
What is a physical property of ionic compounds in their solid state?
high melting point
When the octet rule is satisfied, the outermost ___ are filled.
s and p orbitals
If the lattice energy of compound A is greater than that of compound B,
The bonds in compound A are stronger than the bonds in compound B
Ionic compounds are brittle because the strong attractive forces _____
hold the layers in relatively fixed positions
A covalent bond forms when the attraction between two atoms is balanced by repulsion and the potential energy is:
at a minimum
Electronegativity difference between 0. and .30
nonpolar
electronegativity difference between .31 and 1.7
polar
greater than 1.7
ionic
Linear bond angle
180 degrees
Tetrahedral bond angle
109.5 degrees
