Acids & Bases Flashcards
What are some properties of acids?
sour taste, conduct electricity, reacts with metals, generates hydronium, usually liquids or gases
What are some properties of bases?
bitter taste, good cleaning agent, slippery, generates hydroxide ion, usually solids
What are strong acids?
strong electrolytes that completely dissociate in water
What are weak acids?
weak electrolytes that only a small fraction of its molecules dissociate
Who is Svante Arrhenius?
A Swedish chemist that proposed that an acid can be defined as any substance that, when added to water, increases the hydronium concentration
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
a substance that donates a proton (H+)
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
A substance that accepts a proton
Define a conjugate acid.
an acid that forms when a base gains a proton
Define a conjugate base.
a base that forms when an acid loses a proton
Define amphoteric.
when some species act as either an acid or a base and either donate or accept a proton (water)
Define monoprotic.
An acid that can only donate 1 hydrogen ion
Define polyprotic
Some acid that are able to donate more than 1 hydrogen ion
Define diprotic.
Acids that can donate 2 hydrogen ions
Define acidity.
the concentration of H3O+ in a solution
Define basicity.
the concentration of OH- ions in a solution
Define pH.
measure of hydronium ions in a solution
Define self-ionization.
water dissociates to form both H+ and OH- in a reaction
Define neutralization reaction.
the reaction of an acid and a base to form a water and salt
Define equivalence point.
the point at which moles of H+ from the acid equals then moles of OH- from the base
Define litmus paper.
An indicator that turns blue with bases and red/pink with acids
Define universal indicator paper.
turns shades from red-orange to deep blue with pH
What does thymol blue do?
turns yellow in solutions who pH is 3-8 in solutions with a pH 10 or higher
Define endpoint.
the instant at which the indicator changes color during a titration
What is the goal of a titration?
determine the unknown acid or base concentration or volume
Define Ka.
the equilibrium constant, Keq, that describes the ionization of an acid in water
Define buffer.
a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base.
What are buffers used for?
Used in fermentation process, added to swimming pools to resist changes in pH, added to shampoos and soaps to maintain healthier hair and skin
As temperature increases, Kw______
increases
What does it mean when you have a strong acid?
you have a stable conjugate base
T or F: the strength of an acid is proportional to the stability of a conjugate base
true
What happens in an acid-base equilibrium?
The side with the weaker acid-base pair will always be favored because the stronger the acid or base, the greater tendency to react and generate weaker species
What happens when you have a high concentration of hydrogen ions?
The pH decreases
T or F: weaker acids have higher pH’s
true
Why do strong bases have high pH’s?
They consume large amounts of hydrogen ions so it lowers its concentration
What affects a buffer?
pKa, pH, and [acid]/[base]
Define titration.
the process in which an acid-base neutralization reaction is used to determine the concentration of a solution of unknown concentration.
