Acids & Bases

Question 1

What are some properties of acids?

Answer 1

sour taste, conduct electricity, reacts with metals, generates hydronium, usually liquids or gases

Question 2

What are some properties of bases?

Answer 2

bitter taste, good cleaning agent, slippery, generates hydroxide ion, usually solids

Question 3

What are strong acids?

Answer 3

strong electrolytes that completely dissociate in water

Question 4

What are weak acids?

Answer 4

weak electrolytes that only a small fraction of its molecules dissociate

Question 5

Who is Svante Arrhenius?

Answer 5

A Swedish chemist that proposed that an acid can be defined as any substance that, when added to water, increases the hydronium concentration

Question 6

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Answer 6

a substance that donates a proton (H+)

Question 7

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Answer 7

A substance that accepts a proton

Question 8

Define a conjugate acid.

Answer 8

an acid that forms when a base gains a proton

Question 9

Define a conjugate base.

Answer 9

a base that forms when an acid loses a proton

Question 10

Define amphoteric.

Answer 10

when some species act as either an acid or a base and either donate or accept a proton (water)

Question 11

Define monoprotic.

Answer 11

An acid that can only donate 1 hydrogen ion

Question 12

Define polyprotic

Answer 12

Some acid that are able to donate more than 1 hydrogen ion

Question 13

Define diprotic.

Answer 13

Acids that can donate 2 hydrogen ions

Question 14

Define acidity.

Answer 14

the concentration of H3O+ in a solution

Question 15

Define basicity.

Answer 15

the concentration of OH- ions in a solution

Question 16

Define pH.

Answer 16

measure of hydronium ions in a solution

Question 17

Define self-ionization.

Answer 17

water dissociates to form both H+ and OH- in a reaction

Question 18

Define neutralization reaction.

Answer 18

the reaction of an acid and a base to form a water and salt

Question 19

Define equivalence point.

Answer 19

the point at which moles of H+ from the acid equals then moles of OH- from the base

Question 20

Define litmus paper.

Answer 20

An indicator that turns blue with bases and red/pink with acids

Question 21

Define universal indicator paper.

Answer 21

turns shades from red-orange to deep blue with pH

Question 22

What does thymol blue do?

Answer 22

turns yellow in solutions who pH is 3-8 in solutions with a pH 10 or higher

Question 23

Define endpoint.

Answer 23

the instant at which the indicator changes color during a titration

Question 24

What is the goal of a titration?

Answer 24

determine the unknown acid or base concentration or volume

Question 25

Define Ka.

Answer 25

the equilibrium constant, Keq, that describes the ionization of an acid in water

Question 26

Define buffer.

Answer 26

a solution made from a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Question 27

What are buffers used for?

Answer 27

Used in fermentation process, added to swimming pools to resist changes in pH, added to shampoos and soaps to maintain healthier hair and skin

Question 28

As temperature increases, Kw______

Answer 28

increases

Question 29

What does it mean when you have a strong acid?

Answer 29

you have a stable conjugate base

Question 30

T or F: the strength of an acid is proportional to the stability of a conjugate base

Answer 30

true

Question 31

What happens in an acid-base equilibrium?

Answer 31

The side with the weaker acid-base pair will always be favored because the stronger the acid or base, the greater tendency to react and generate weaker species

Question 32

What happens when you have a high concentration of hydrogen ions?

Answer 32

The pH decreases

Question 33

T or F: weaker acids have higher pH’s

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Why do strong bases have high pH’s?

Answer 34

They consume large amounts of hydrogen ions so it lowers its concentration

Question 35

What affects a buffer?

Answer 35

pKa, pH, and [acid]/[base]

Question 36

Define titration.

Answer 36

the process in which an acid-base neutralization reaction is used to determine the concentration of a solution of unknown concentration.