Causes of Change

Question 1

Temperature and heat are different but related _________ properties.

Answer 1

physical

Question 2

If a sample has a ________ temperature than its surrounding, energy is transferred from the sample.

Answer 2

higher

Question 3

If the temperature of the sample is _______ than its surroundings, energy is transferred to the sample.

Answer 3

lower

Question 4

The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures is ________

Answer 4

heat

Question 5

The _____ of a sample is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample

Answer 5

temperature

Question 6

The temperature of a sample does not depend on the amount of the sample, therefore temperature is a ___ property

Answer 6

intensive

Question 7

In contrast, heat is a________ property, which means that the amount of energy transferred as heat depends on the amount of the sample.

Answer 7

extensive

Question 8

The total energy content of a sample is its ______, and is represented by the symbol H.

Answer 8

enthalpy

Question 9

The SI temperature unit is _____

Answer 9

Kelvin

Question 10

A kelvin is the same temperature interval as a degree________

Answer 10

Celsius

Question 11

What is energy?

Answer 11

The ability to do work or produce heat

Question 12

What is potential energy?

Answer 12

the energy due to the composition or position of an object

Question 13

What is kinetic energy?

Answer 13

Energy of motion

Question 14

What is a calorie?

Answer 14

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of pure water by one degree celsius

Question 15

What is specific heat?

Answer 15

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that substance by one degree Celsius

Question 16

What is thermochemistry?

Answer 16

The branch of science concerned with the energy(heat) changes that accompany chemical and phase changes

Question 17

What is a system?

Answer 17

The specific part of the universe that contains the reaction or process

Question 18

What is enthalpy?

Answer 18

the heat content of a system at constant pressure

Question 19

What is molar enthalpy?

Answer 19

The energy change for 1 mole of a pure substance

Question 20

What is a thermochemical equation?

Answer 20

A balanced chemical equation that includes the physical states of all reactants, products, and the energy change

Question 21

What is calorimetry?

Answer 21

Used to measure the energy released or absorbed from a reaction by measuring a change in temperature of a standard liquid and setting the enthalpy equal to the reaction change

Question 22

What is standard enthalpy (heat) of formation?

Answer 22

The enthalpy change in forming 1 mole of a substance from elements in their standard states

Question 23

What is entropy?

Answer 23

A measure of the number of possible ways that the energy of a system can be distributed

Question 24

What factors increase entropy?

Answer 24

When the particles’ freedom of movement increases, dissolving a solid, increasing the volume, increasing the energy, reducing the pressure

Question 25

What is Gibbs Free Energy?

Answer 25

Energy that is available to do work

Question 26

What would be the effect on the particles if more heat is supplied to the system?

Answer 26

They would speed up

Question 27

The total energy of all the particles in a substance is called:

Answer 27

thermal energy

Question 28

For a skillet, used for cooking, do you want a high or low specific heat

Answer 28

Low, so that it will change temperature quickly

Question 29

If two objects have different temperatures when they come in contact, heat will flow from the warmer object to the cooler one UNTIL ____________

Answer 29

they both have an equal temperature

Question 30

Calorimeters use insulating materials to:

Answer 30

prevent heat from escaping into the environment

Question 31

What is the SI unit for energy?

Answer 31

Joule

Question 32

Define exothermic reaction.

Answer 32

A chemical reaction that releases energy through heat or light

Question 33

Entropy is:

Answer 33

disorder; delta S

Question 34

If Delta G is small and positive,

Answer 34

The reverse reaction is spontaneous and the system is near equilibrium

Question 35

T or F: The entropy of a gas increases with increasing temperatures.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

What is 1 Calorie equal to?

Answer 36

1000 calories or 1kcal

Question 37

A temperature difference taken between two objects has ______ numerical value in Kelvin and in degrees Celsius

Answer 37

the same

Question 38

Heat is measured in :

Answer 38

joules

Question 39

Kelvin temperature = celsius temperature + _________

Answer 39

273.15

Question 40

The products of an _______ reaction have an energy higher than that of the reactants.

Answer 40

Endothermic

Question 41

In endothermic reactions, delta H has a _______ value

Answer 41

positive

Question 42

A chemical reaction occurs if it is accompanied by a(n) ________ in Gibbs energy.

Answer 42

decrease

Question 43

According to the expression for delta G, the ________ the temperature for a positive entropy change, the greater the chances are that the reaction will be spontaneous.

Answer 43

higher

Question 44

Free energy is zero at _______

Answer 44

equilibrium

Question 45

The entropy of a substance _____ with temperature.

Answer 45

increases

Question 46

____ have greater standard entropies than liquids

Answer 46

Gases

Question 47

____ have the most freedom to move, so their standard entropies are the greatest

Answer 47

Gases

Question 48

The property of a system that makes a process occur consists of two driving forces, a tendency toward the greatest _______ state and a tendency toward the lowest ____ state.

Answer 48

entropy, enthalpy

Question 49

The quantity of entropy possessed by 1 mole of a substance is called ___

Answer 49

standard molar entropy