Chapter 11-15 Final Review Semester 2 Flashcards
An example of a process in which entropy decreases is :
freezing
The process by which a solid becomes a liquid is:
melting
The amount of energy needed to melt KCl is that compound’s:
enthalpy of fusion
The strength of the forces between ions depends on
the size and charge of the ion
Pressure has an effect on boiling point because pressure affects:
the entropy of a gas
The attraction of the positive end of one molecule for the negative end of a neighboring molecule is a(n):
dipole-dipole force
When particles are moving between two phases and no net change in the amount of either phase occurs, ____ exist(s)
equilibrium
If the particles in a sample of matter have an orderly arrangement and move only in place, the sample is a :
solid
Because of dipole-dipole forces, the melting points of highly polar compounds are ___ those of less polar compounds
higher than
When a liquid is heated, the temperature stops rising at the liquids:
boiling point
Define surface tension.
the tendency of liquids to decrease their surface area to the smallest size possible
Define hydrogen bonding.
When hydrogen atoms on one molecule are attracted to atoms of high electronegativity on another molecule
The surface tension of water is greater than the surface tension of cooking oil because the attractive forces between the molecules of cooking oil is ______ than the attractive forces between the molecules of water.
less/lower
On a phase diagram, the liquid and vapor phase of a substance are impossible to tell apart above the :
critical point
The heat gained or lost when one mole of a substance vaporizes or condenses at its boiling point is called the :
enthalpy of vaporization
The particles in a colloid remain dispersed throughout the mixture because they :
are extremely small
Distillation can be used to separate solutions of miscible liquids because:
different liquids have different boiling points
What happens when a supersaturated solution cools down?
the solute will crystallize out of the solution
A solution that is able to dissolve additional solute is best described as :
unsaturated
What happens when the pressure on a soda is decreased?
Some gas comes out of solution
The solubility of a solute depends on:
the nature of the solute and the temperature of the solvent
A dissolved solute that does not form ions is:
a nonelectrolyte
Why is boiling point elevation a colligative property?
It is directly proportional to the concentration of particles in a solution
When are gases soluble?
In low temperature, high pressure
Describe the freezing and boiling point of a substance with more dissolved particles.
higher boiling point, lower freezing point
Reactions tend to run to completion if:
a gaseous product forms and escapes
At equilibrium, ___________
the forward reaction rate is equal to the reverse reaction rate
A molecule or an ion that is bonded to the central atom of a complex ion is called a(n):
ligand
A very low value of the equilibrium constant for a reaction can indicate that :
reactants are favored
If the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium is increased, :
the quantities in the system do not change
The common ion effect:
causes precipitation
An ion that has a structure in which a central atom is bonded by coordinate covalent bonds to other ions or molecules is a :
complex ion
If system that is at equilibrium is disturbed, then it will change in a way that will _____ the stress
reduce
Adding an ion common to two solutes to decrease solute concentration is called the :
common ion effect
T or F: AN aqueous solution of acids causes red litmus paper to turn blue
F
T or F: an acidic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions
f
T or F: acids add flavor to many beverages and foods
true, sour
T or F: Acids and bases have the ability to conduct electricity.
T
Ammonia is considered to be a base because it :
accepts hydrogen ions
The reaction between an acid and a base always results in the formation of ____ and water
a salt
The effect of an antacid on stomach fluids is to :
increase their pH
