Chapter 11-15 Final Review Semester 2

Question 1

An example of a process in which entropy decreases is :

Answer 1

freezing

Question 2

The process by which a solid becomes a liquid is:

Answer 2

melting

Question 3

The amount of energy needed to melt KCl is that compound’s:

Answer 3

enthalpy of fusion

Question 4

The strength of the forces between ions depends on

Answer 4

the size and charge of the ion

Question 5

Pressure has an effect on boiling point because pressure affects:

Answer 5

the entropy of a gas

Question 6

The attraction of the positive end of one molecule for the negative end of a neighboring molecule is a(n):

Answer 6

dipole-dipole force

Question 7

When particles are moving between two phases and no net change in the amount of either phase occurs, ____ exist(s)

Answer 7

equilibrium

Question 8

If the particles in a sample of matter have an orderly arrangement and move only in place, the sample is a :

Answer 8

solid

Question 9

Because of dipole-dipole forces, the melting points of highly polar compounds are ___ those of less polar compounds

Answer 9

higher than

Question 10

When a liquid is heated, the temperature stops rising at the liquids:

Answer 10

boiling point

Question 11

Define surface tension.

Answer 11

the tendency of liquids to decrease their surface area to the smallest size possible

Question 12

Define hydrogen bonding.

Answer 12

When hydrogen atoms on one molecule are attracted to atoms of high electronegativity on another molecule

Question 13

The surface tension of water is greater than the surface tension of cooking oil because the attractive forces between the molecules of cooking oil is ______ than the attractive forces between the molecules of water.

Answer 13

less/lower

Question 14

On a phase diagram, the liquid and vapor phase of a substance are impossible to tell apart above the :

Answer 14

critical point

Question 15

The heat gained or lost when one mole of a substance vaporizes or condenses at its boiling point is called the :

Answer 15

enthalpy of vaporization

Question 16

The particles in a colloid remain dispersed throughout the mixture because they :

Answer 16

are extremely small

Question 17

Distillation can be used to separate solutions of miscible liquids because:

Answer 17

different liquids have different boiling points

Question 18

What happens when a supersaturated solution cools down?

Answer 18

the solute will crystallize out of the solution

Question 19

A solution that is able to dissolve additional solute is best described as :

Answer 19

unsaturated

Question 20

What happens when the pressure on a soda is decreased?

Answer 20

Some gas comes out of solution

Question 21

The solubility of a solute depends on:

Answer 21

the nature of the solute and the temperature of the solvent

Question 22

A dissolved solute that does not form ions is:

Answer 22

a nonelectrolyte

Question 23

Why is boiling point elevation a colligative property?

Answer 23

It is directly proportional to the concentration of particles in a solution

Question 24

When are gases soluble?

Answer 24

In low temperature, high pressure

Question 25

Describe the freezing and boiling point of a substance with more dissolved particles.

Answer 25

higher boiling point, lower freezing point

Question 26

Reactions tend to run to completion if:

Answer 26

a gaseous product forms and escapes

Question 27

At equilibrium, ___________

Answer 27

the forward reaction rate is equal to the reverse reaction rate

Question 28

A molecule or an ion that is bonded to the central atom of a complex ion is called a(n):

Answer 28

ligand

Question 29

A very low value of the equilibrium constant for a reaction can indicate that :

Answer 29

reactants are favored

Question 30

If the pressure of a reaction at equilibrium is increased, :

Answer 30

the quantities in the system do not change

Question 31

The common ion effect:

Answer 31

causes precipitation

Question 32

An ion that has a structure in which a central atom is bonded by coordinate covalent bonds to other ions or molecules is a :

Answer 32

complex ion

Question 33

If system that is at equilibrium is disturbed, then it will change in a way that will _____ the stress

Answer 33

reduce

Question 34

Adding an ion common to two solutes to decrease solute concentration is called the :

Answer 34

common ion effect

Question 35

T or F: AN aqueous solution of acids causes red litmus paper to turn blue

Answer 35

F

Question 36

T or F: an acidic solution contains more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions

Answer 36

f

Question 37

T or F: acids add flavor to many beverages and foods

Answer 37

true, sour

Question 38

T or F: Acids and bases have the ability to conduct electricity.

Answer 38

T

Question 39

Ammonia is considered to be a base because it :

Answer 39

accepts hydrogen ions

Question 40

The reaction between an acid and a base always results in the formation of ____ and water

Answer 40

a salt

Question 41

The effect of an antacid on stomach fluids is to :

Answer 41

increase their pH