Chapters 8-10 Final Review Semester 2 Flashcards
In a chemical equation, (aq) after one of the substances means that it is_________
dissolved in water
Which type of reaction takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water?
combustion
A chemical reaction has NOT occurred if the products have:
the same chemical properties as the reactants
An insoluble solid produced by a chemical reaction in solution is called:
a precipitate
After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation has been written, the _______
formula should not be changed
An element in the activity series can replace any element_______
below it on the list
Ions that are present in solution in which a reaction is taking place but that do not participate in the reaction are called_______
spectator ions
Chemical equations are balanced so they do not violate the ______
law of conservation of mass
Metal chlorates break down into _______
metal chlorides and oxygen
Metal oxides react with water to produce:
metal hydroxides
Nonmetal oxides react with water to produce:
acids
Metal carbonates break down into:
metal oxides and carbon dioxide
Which seven elements form diatomic molecules instead of remaining as a single atom?
H, N, O, F, Br, Cl, I
List three signs of a chemical reaction:
color change, odor, change in temperature, precipitate
A balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the :
mole ratio of any two substances in the reaction
A chemical reaction involving substances A and B stops when B is completely used. B is the :
limiting reactant
To determine the limiting reactant, one must know the
available amount of each reactant
Actual yield must be determined by:
experiments
The actual yield of a chemical reaction is :
less than the theoretical yield
The substance that controls the quantity of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction is the:
limiting reactant
The substance that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction is the :
excess reactant
The measured amount of a product of a reaction is called the :
actual yield
Define percent yield.
convenient way to describe the efficiency of a reaction
The study of relationships between measurable quantities, such as the mass and volume, and the number of atoms in chemical reactions is known as :
stoichiometry
The most common form of energy encountered in chemical reactions is :
heat
An example of a process in which entropy decreases is_____
freezing
In a(n)_______ reaction, the products are at a higher energy level than the reactants.
endothermic
If the heat of reaction is negative, the reaction is :
exothermic
Spontaneous reactions occur is energy ______ and disorder_______
decreases, increases
The energy value of foods is measured in units of
Calories
Define enthalpy.
change in energy of a system at constant pressure
Describe temperature.
the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter
Compared with a single gas, a mixture of gasses is :
more disordered
If a reaction results in increased energy and increased entropy, will the reaction be spontaneous?
yes, if the temperature is high
the energy released in the formation of a compound from its elements is always ____ the energy required to decompose that compound into its elements
identical to
Define entropy.
measure of the number of possible ways the energy of a system can be distributed
