Chapters 8-10 Final Review Semester 2

Question 1

In a chemical equation, (aq) after one of the substances means that it is_________

Answer 1

dissolved in water

Question 2

Which type of reaction takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water?

Answer 2

combustion

Question 3

A chemical reaction has NOT occurred if the products have:

Answer 3

the same chemical properties as the reactants

Question 4

An insoluble solid produced by a chemical reaction in solution is called:

Answer 4

a precipitate

Question 5

After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation has been written, the _______

Answer 5

formula should not be changed

Question 6

An element in the activity series can replace any element_______

Answer 6

below it on the list

Question 7

Ions that are present in solution in which a reaction is taking place but that do not participate in the reaction are called_______

Answer 7

spectator ions

Question 8

Chemical equations are balanced so they do not violate the ______

Answer 8

law of conservation of mass

Question 9

Metal chlorates break down into _______

Answer 9

metal chlorides and oxygen

Question 10

Metal oxides react with water to produce:

Answer 10

metal hydroxides

Question 11

Nonmetal oxides react with water to produce:

Answer 11

acids

Question 12

Metal carbonates break down into:

Answer 12

metal oxides and carbon dioxide

Question 13

Which seven elements form diatomic molecules instead of remaining as a single atom?

Answer 13

H, N, O, F, Br, Cl, I

Question 14

List three signs of a chemical reaction:

Answer 14

color change, odor, change in temperature, precipitate

Question 15

A balanced chemical equation allows one to determine the :

Answer 15

mole ratio of any two substances in the reaction

Question 16

A chemical reaction involving substances A and B stops when B is completely used. B is the :

Answer 16

limiting reactant

Question 17

To determine the limiting reactant, one must know the

Answer 17

available amount of each reactant

Question 18

Actual yield must be determined by:

Answer 18

experiments

Question 19

The actual yield of a chemical reaction is :

Answer 19

less than the theoretical yield

Question 20

The substance that controls the quantity of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction is the:

Answer 20

limiting reactant

Question 21

The substance that is not completely used up in a chemical reaction is the :

Answer 21

excess reactant

Question 22

The measured amount of a product of a reaction is called the :

Answer 22

actual yield

Question 23

Define percent yield.

Answer 23

convenient way to describe the efficiency of a reaction

Question 24

The study of relationships between measurable quantities, such as the mass and volume, and the number of atoms in chemical reactions is known as :

Answer 24

stoichiometry

Question 25

The most common form of energy encountered in chemical reactions is :

Answer 25

heat

Question 26

An example of a process in which entropy decreases is_____

Answer 26

freezing

Question 27

In a(n)_______ reaction, the products are at a higher energy level than the reactants.

Answer 27

endothermic

Question 28

If the heat of reaction is negative, the reaction is :

Answer 28

exothermic

Question 29

Spontaneous reactions occur is energy ______ and disorder_______

Answer 29

decreases, increases

Question 30

The energy value of foods is measured in units of

Answer 30

Calories

Question 31

Define enthalpy.

Answer 31

change in energy of a system at constant pressure

Question 32

Describe temperature.

Answer 32

the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of matter

Question 33

Compared with a single gas, a mixture of gasses is :

Answer 33

more disordered

Question 34

If a reaction results in increased energy and increased entropy, will the reaction be spontaneous?

Answer 34

yes, if the temperature is high

Question 35

the energy released in the formation of a compound from its elements is always ____ the energy required to decompose that compound into its elements

Answer 35

identical to

Question 36

Define entropy.

Answer 36

measure of the number of possible ways the energy of a system can be distributed