soluciones

Question 1

solutions that contain small molecular weight solutes (e.g., minerals, dextrose)

Answer 1

Crystalloids

Question 1

solutions that contain larger molecular weight solutes (e.g., albumin and starch)

Answer 1

colloids

Question 2

crystalloids or colloids that do not significantly alter the homeostasis of the extracellular compartment

Answer 2

Balanced IV fluid solutions

Question 3

the concentration of dissolved particles per unit mass of solution (mOsm/kg); preferred term to describe the osmotic pressure of biological systems (not temperature-dependent)

Answer 3

osmolality

Question 4

the concentration of solutes per unit volume of solvent (mOsm/L)

Answer 4

osmolarity
*Takes into account all osmotically active particles, including those that enter cells (e.g., glucose, urea)

Question 5

the capacity of an extracellular fluid to create an osmotic gradient that will cause water to move into or out of the intracellular compartment; cannot be measured and has no units

Answer 5

Tonicity

Question 6

hypertonic solutions can make cells —–, while hypotonic solutions can make them —- and —–.

Answer 6

1. shrink
2. swell and lyse

Question 7

The osmolarity of a parenteral solution takes into account the ——-, including those that enter cells (e.g., dextrose). The tonicity of a solution is determined by the ——— and are, therefore, osmotically active (e.g., sodium, potassium).

Answer 7

1. concentration of all the solutes
2. solutes that do not enter the cell

Question 8

Examples of isotonic crystalloids

Answer 8

• Saline 0.9%
• Lactated Ringer’s
• Hartmann (variante de RL)

Question 9

Son cristaloides hipotónicos

Answer 9

• Dextrosa
• Solución salina hipotónica
  *usar de mantenimiento puede causar hiponatremia y edema cerebral

Question 10

Son cristaloides hipertónicas

Answer 10

NaCl 3%
NaCl 5%