Sollars - Patterns of Inheritance I / II Flashcards
Index Case
Clinically affected family member through whom attention is first drawn
Penetrance
Probability gene will have any phenotypic expression at all
Expressivity
Severity of expression of the phenotype
Pleiotropy
When an allele of a gene produces several phenotypic effects
Autosomal Dominant
- Multiple Generations
- Males/Females Equal
- Male to Male
- 50/50 shot for offspring of affected
Homozygous = lethal
Polycytic Kidney Disease
(ADPKD)
vs
(ARPKD)
ADPKD - Renal cyst disease; 1:500 Late Onset, Autosomal Dominant
ARPKD - Renal cyst disease; Early Onset, Autosomal Recessive
What are most inborn errors of metabolism? (enzymes, proteins, etc)
Autosomal Recessive
Autosomal Recessive
- Males/Females Equal
- Both parents must be carriers
- Recurrence risk = 25% for offspring
- Some Ethnic groups are hit harder
- Consanguinity can play a role
Tay Sachs
Autosomal Recessive
Ethnic prevalence in Ashkenazi Jews
Cherry red spot retina
Phenylketonuria
Autosomal Recessive
Mental retardation, fair skin, preventable w/early diet intervention
Caucasians
Consanguinity
Genetic relationship w/one common ancestor (inbreeding)
Avg Genes Shared for:
Parents/Siblings/Children
Grandparents/Aunts/Uncles/Nieces/Nephews/Grandchildren
First Cousins
First Cousins, Once Removed
50
25
- 5
- 25
At what level of consanguinity does the risk = normal population risk?
Fourth; ~6.25%
Isonymous Marriage
Same surname, but doesn’t always = consanguinity; e.g. Smith is a common name
X Linked Recessive
- Much higher in males
- All daughters of infected males will be carriers (they only have one X to give)
- Sons of carrier females 50/50 chance
- Never father to son (they give a Y, not X)