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EOM 1 - Test 3 > Hardman - Vitamins > Flashcards

Hardman - Vitamins Flashcards

Table 44-5 from Harper's

1
Q

Lipid Soluble Vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A

B’s

(Thiamin, Riboflavin, Nicotinic Acid, Pyridoxine, Folic Acid, Cobalamin, Pantothenic acid)

H - Biotin

C - Ascorbic Acid

– All the B’s, + C

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3
Q

Vitamin A

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A
  • Lipid Soluble
  • Retinol, β-carotene

Functions:

  • Visual pigments in Retina, regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation
  • β-carotene is an antioxidant
  • Disease:

Night blindness, xerophthalmia, keratinzation of skin

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4
Q

Vitamin D

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Lipid Soluble

Calciferol

Function:

  • Maintenance of calcium balance; enhance intestinal absorption of Ca2+ and mobilizes bone mineral; regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation

Disease:

  • Rickets = poor mineralization of bone (children)
  • Osteomalacia = bone demineralization (eldery)
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5
Q

Vitamin E

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Lipid Soluble

Tocopherols, Tocotrienols

Functions:

  • Antioxidant, in cell membranes; roles in cell signaling

Disease:

  • Extremely rare–serious neurologic dysfunction
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6
Q

Vitamin K

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Lipid Soluble

Phylloquinone, Menaquinones

Functions:

  • Coenzyme of formation of γ-carboxyglutamate in enzymes of blood clotting and bone matrix

Disease:

  • Impaired blood clotting, hemorrhagic disease
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7
Q

B1

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Thiamin

Functions:

  • Coenzyme in pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase
  • Regulates Cl- channel in nerve conduction

Disease:

  • Ber1Ber1 - peripheral nerve damage

Wernicke-Korsakoff - central nervous system lesions

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8
Q

B2

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Riboflavin

Function:

  • Coenzyme in oxidation and reduction reactions (FAD and FMN)
  • Prosthetic group of flavoproteins

Disease:

- Lesions of corner of mouth, lips, and tongue; deborrheic dermatitis

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9
Q

Niacin

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

B3 (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide)

Functions:

  • Coenzyme in oxidation and reduction reactions, functional part of NAD and NADP

- Role in intracellular calcium regulation and cell signaling

Disease:

- Pellagra: Photosensitive dermatitis, depressive psychosis

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10
Q

B6

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal, Pyridoxamine

Functions:

- Coenzyme in transamination and decarbozylation of amino acids and glycogen phosphorylase

  • Modulation of steroid hormone action

Disease:

  • Disorders of Amino Acid metabolism, convulsions
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11
Q

Folic Acid

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

B9

Functions:

  • Coenzyme in transfer of one-carbon fragments

Disease:

- Megaloblastic anemia

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12
Q

B12

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Cobalamin

Functions:

  • Coenzyme in transfer of one-carbon fragments and metabolism of folic acid

Disease:

  • Pernicious anemia = megaloblastic anemia; degeneration of spinal cord
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13
Q

Pantothenic Acid

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

B5

Functions:

  • Functional part of CoA and acyl carrier protein
  • Fatty acid syntheisis and metabolism

Disease:

- Peripheral nerve damage

  • Nutritional melalgia or “burning foot syndrome”
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14
Q

Vitamin H

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Biotin

Function:

- Coenzyme in carboxylation reactions in gluconeogenesis and fatty acid synthesis

- Role in regulation of cell cycle

Disease:

- Impaired fat and carbohydrate metabolism dermatitis

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15
Q

Vitamin C

Solubility?

Alternative Name?

Functions?

Deficiency/Disease?

A

Water Soluble

Ascorbic Acid

Function:

- Coenzyme in hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synethesis

  • Antioxidant
  • Enhances absorption of iron

Disease:

  • Scurvy - impaired wound healing, loss of dental cement, subcutaneous hemorrhage
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16
Q

Minerals: Purpose, Deficiency

Iron

Calcium

Iodine

A

Iron - Hb/Mb - Anemia (microcytic blood smear)

Calcium - Bones, insulin, muscles - lots of bad stuff

Iodine - Thyroid Hormones - IDD (Iodine def. disorder, goiter, cretinish, mental/physical development)

EOM 1 - Test 3 (18 decks)

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