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Environmental health > Solid Waste Management > Flashcards

Solid Waste Management Flashcards

1
Q

Waste arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and discarded as useless or unwanted

A

Solid waste

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2
Q

T or F: Plants are the ultimate receptor of pollution

A

false, humans are

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3
Q

One of the best approaches in waste management

A

Waste minimization

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4
Q

Behavioral component of solid waste management

A

→ More affluent communities tend to generate more waste as they discard materials more easily as compared to lower-income communities that would try to reuse products as much as possible
→ If something is viewed to have lost value, it is seen as useless even if it can still be reused

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5
Q

Amount of waste generated by metro manila each day

A

8,000-10,000 tons

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6
Q

Categories of solid waste

A

Municipal solid waste (from domestic, commercial, and institutional activities in urban areas)
Industrial solid waste (from industrial waste, includes potentially hazardous waste)
Hazard solid waste (pose substantial danger imm. or over period of time to biotic life)

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7
Q

type of waste which causes immediate and/or long-term problems due to its
nature

A

Hazardous solid waste

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8
Q

Characteristics which make waste hazardous

A

Toxicity
Ignitability
Corrosiveness
Reactivity

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9
Q

PH implications of improper swm

A
  1. Aesthetics problems
    (generates unpleasant odor and causes eye sores)
  2. Clogging of sewers, drains, and rivers
  3. Breeding place of insects and rodents
  4. Surface and groundwater pollution
    (due to components of water discharge; leachate)
  5. Contributes to air pollution
    • Incineration (produce dioxins & furans – carcinogenic)
    • Spontaneous combustion (anaerobic decomposition =methane)
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10
Q

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

A

Waste Generation > Storage > Transfer & Transport or Processing and Recovery or Collection > Disposal (see figure)

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11
Q

most important strategy in waste management

A

waste minimization

most favoured option: reduce lowering amount of waste produced

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12
Q

Factors contributing to increasing amounts of solid waste

A 
Advertisements 
Increasing populations
Changing lifestyles
Disposable materials
Excessive packaging
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13
Q

Integrated solid waste management hierarchy

A

reduce (lowering amount of waste produced)
reuse (using materials repeatedly)
recycle (using materials to make new products)
recovery (recovering energy from waste)
landfill (safe disposal of waste to landfill) - least favoured

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14
Q

Priority in SWM

A

reduce > reuse > recycle > recovery > landfill

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15
Q

How expensive is collection in SWM?

A

50-70% of total cost of SWM is spent here

City of Manila = PHP 500M

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16
Q

Important because collection is expensive and it is for efficient collxn, sustainability of waste management, and reduced exposure to hazards

A

Storage

(Proper storage using covered containers keeps mechanical
vectors at bay, preventing them from transmitting diseases.

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17
Q

process of gathering and hauling of waste collxn points to disposal sites

A

collection

Training of solid waste collection crew should be done and they must be protected by wearing PPE

18
Q

T or F: waste can be collected anytime

A

False (proper timing is needed)

19
Q

T or F: There must be a separate collxn system for hazardous waste

A

true

20
Q

→ Separates recyclable materials from other wastes

→ Transfer stations, combustion facilities, disposal sites

A

Material Recovery Facility

21
Q

Physical solid waste processes

A

separation, size reduction (makes waste look more uniform) or densification using equipment (shredders-always mechanically)

22
Q

T or F: Size reduction in solid waste is done mechanically

A

false, manually

23
Q

Densification reduces?

A

storage, transport and disposal costs

24
Q

Biological processes involved in waste management uses?

A

microorganisms to degrade material and bioreactor which should have optimal mix of carbon and nutrients in wastes for microorganisms to work well
*Via Aerobic composting or Anaerobic Digestion
→ Rate of degradation is a function of: organic fraction in waste, temperature, moisture content, and available
nutrients

25
Q

Key reaction products involved in biologic waste management?

A

resistant organic matter, CO2, H2S, NH3, sulfates, and heat (addition of CH4 for anaerobic)

26
Q

Thermal processes involved in waste management

A

pyrolysis (thermochemical decomposition–endothermic; no O2 involved)
gasification (converstion to combustible gas)
combustion/incineration (used in PH–exothermic involving burning)

27
Q

Explain transport and transfer stage

A

• Transfer of waste from smaller collection vehicle to larger transport equipment and subsequent transfer of waste to disposal site
• Large collection vehicles compress wastes to allow more waste to be transported
→ Cannot reach far-flung communities and enter areas with informal settlers
• Transfer station is recommended if disposal site is relatively far
(>15 km)

28
Q

it is the remaining waste after reduction, recycling, reuse and processing

A

residual waste (should be properly disposed)

29
Q

→ Refers to an engineered facility for the disposal of solid waste
→ Designed and operated to minimize public health and environmental impacts

A

Sanitary landfill

30
Q

What are sanitary landfills?

A

pit with protected bottom where trash is buriend in layers, compacted (pressed down to make it more solid), and covered

31
Q

Sanitary landfills have ______ that protects environment from leaching to prevent groundwater pollution

A

protective liner

32
Q

Differentiate dump site vs sanitary landfill

A

dump sites-place where people throw trash and hazardous due to leachate and breeding ground for mech vectors
sl- with protective liner

33
Q

Clark sanitary landfill is an example of a

A

modern landfill

34
Q

T or F: modern landfills have protective liner which are able to resist acidity of leachate and prevents it from contaminating soil

A

true (made up of high-density polyethylene protecting landfill for more than 500 years)

35
Q

Leachate and gas collected

A

methane
hydrogen sulfide
????

36
Q

Second liner following the protective liner wc prevents leachates from contaminating source

A

clay liner

37
Q

System of pipes that collect leachate and bring it to the leachate treatment plant

A

Leachate collection system

38
Q

System of pipes that collect methane and can generate fuel that could be utilize for energy

A

Methane Gas Recovery system

39
Q

It is also made out of high density polyethylene used in modern landfills

A

protective cap

40
Q

quantitative value that measures degree of pollution by a certain waste

A

Biochemical oxygen demand

sewage: 400 mg/dL; leachate: 15,000 mg/dL

41
Q

see cross ection of modern landfill

A

see cross ection of modern landfill

Environmental health (17 decks)

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