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AP World > SOL Review > Flashcards

SOL Review Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

Rebirth of classical knowledge

Birth of the modern world

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2
Q

Where did the Renaissance spread?

A

From the Italian city states to northern Europe

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3
Q

Contributions of the Renaissance? (3)

A

Visual arts
Literature
Intellectual ideas

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4
Q

Famous painters in the Renaissance (2)

A

Michelangelo

Leonardo da Vinci

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5
Q

Accomplishments in literature (3)

A

Sonnets
Plays
Essays

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6
Q

Accomplishments in literature (person)

A

Shakespeare

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7
Q

Accomplishments in intellectual ideas

A

Humanism (group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually, and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence)

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8
Q

Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (person)

A

Erasmus – The Praise of the Folly

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9
Q

Five world religions in 1500 A.D.

A 
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
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10
Q

Location of Judaism (2)

A

Europe

Middle East

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11
Q

Location of Christianity (2)

A

Europe

Middle East

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12
Q

Location of Islam (3)

A

Asia
Africa
Southern Europe

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13
Q

Location of Hinduism (2)

A

India

Southeast Asia

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14
Q

Location of Buddhism (3)

A

East Asia

South Asia

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15
Q

What parts of the world did the trade patterns of 1500 A.D. link? (4)

A

Africa
Middle East
Asia
Europe

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16
Q

Traditional trade patterns that linked Europe with Asia and Africa (6)

A

Silk Roads
Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean
Trans Saharan routes across North Africa
Northern European links with the Black Sea
Western European sea and river trade
South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

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17
Q

Why were the regional trading patterns important?

A

Exchange of products and ideas

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18
Q

Advancements exchanged along trade routes from China (4)

A

Paper
Compass
Silk
Porcelain

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19
Q

Advancements exchanged along trade routes from India and the Middle East (2)

A

Textiles

Numeral system

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20
Q

Scientific transfer (3)

A

Medicine
Astronomy
Mathematics

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21
Q

Did the Roman Catholic Church have competition prior to 1500 A.D.?

A

No

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22
Q

The resistance of the church to change led to what?

A

Protestant Reformation

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23
Q

What resulted from the Protestant Reformation?

A

The birth of new politcal and economic systems

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24
Q

Usury

A

The lending of money with an interest charge for its use

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25
Q

Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome (4)

A
  1. Merchant wealth challenged the Church’s view of usury
  2. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church
  3. The Church’s great politcal power and wealth caused conflict
  4. Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict
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26
Q

What were the views of Martin Luther (3)

A
  1. Salvation by faith alone
  2. Bible as the ultimate authority
  3. All humans equal before God
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27
Q

Martin Luther’s actions (2)

A
  1. 95 Theses (document challenging the authority of the Church)
  2. Birth of the Protestant Church (Lutherism)
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28
Q

What were the view of John Calvin (3)

A
  1. Predestination (all events have been willed by God)
  2. Faith revealed by living a righteous life
  3. Work ethic
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29
Q

John Calvin’s actions

A

Expansion of the Protestant Movement

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30
Q

View of King Henry III

A

Dismissed the authority of the Pope

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31
Q

Actions of King Henry III (4)

A
  1. Divorced
  2. Broke with Rome
  3. Headed the national church in England
  4. Devoted lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England
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32
Q

Actions of Queen Elizabeth I (4)

A
  1. Anglican church
  2. Tolerance for dissenters
  3. Expansion and colonialism
  4. Victory over the Spanish Armada
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33
Q

When did Queen Elizabeth I emerge victorious over the Spanish aramda?

A

1588

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34
Q

What religion did princes in Northern Germany covernt to?

A

Protestantism

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35
Q

What was the affect of the princes of Northern Germany conversion to Protestantism?

A

Ended authority of the pope

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36
Q

Who continued to support the Roman Catholic Church? (2)

A

Hapsburg family

Authority of the Roman Catholic Church

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37
Q

What did the conflict between Protestants and Catholics result in?

A

Thirty Years War

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38
Q

Huguenots

A

French Protestants inspired by Calvinism

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39
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship

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40
Q

Cardinal Richelieu (3)

A
  1. Transformed France into a strong, centralized state
  2. Changed the focus of the Thirty Years’ War from a religiou to a politcal conflict
  3. Wanted the Hapsburgs out and the French in
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41
Q

Dissenters prior to Luther (2)

A

Huss

Wycliffe

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42
Q

Counter Reformation

A

Church’s response to the Protestant reformation

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43
Q

Council of Trent

A

Reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practice

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44
Q

The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)

A

Founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world

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45
Q

What as the inquisition (aimed to combat heresy) used for?

A

Reinforced Catholic doctrine

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46
Q

Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosphies (3)

A
  1. Growth of secularism (seperation of church and state)
  2. Growth of individualism
  3. Eventual growth of religious tolerance
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47
Q

What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas? (3)

A
  1. Growth of literacy stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press
  2. Bible was printed in English, French, and German
  3. Spread the ideas of the reformation
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48
Q

What id the expanding economies of Europeans states stimulate?

A

Increased trade with markets in Asia

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49
Q

After the loss of Constantinople in 1453, what did Europeans seek?

A

New maritime routes for trade

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50
Q

Why were Europeans interesting in discovering new lands and markets?

A
  1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources
  2. Support the diffusion of Christianity
  3. Competition between empires
  4. Innovation in navigational arts (European and Islamic Origin)
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51
Q

Portugese important explorers (2)

A

Prince Henry the Navigator

Vasco de Gama

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52
Q

Prince Henry the Navigator acheivements (2)

A
  1. Led the way for explorers

2. Created a navigation school

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53
Q

Vasco de Gama acheivements

A

Explored around Africa

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54
Q

Spanish important explorers (4)

A

Christopher Columbus
Hernando Cortex
Franciso Pizarro
Ferdinand Magellan

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55
Q

Christopher Columbus acheivemen

A

Discovered the West Indies

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56
Q

Hernando Cortez acheivemen

A

Conquered the Aztecs

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57
Q

Franciso Pizarro acheivemen

A

Conquered the Incans

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58
Q

Ferdinand Magellan acheivemen

A

First to lead a voyage that sailed across the world

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59
Q

English famous explorer

A

Francis Drake

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60
Q

Francis Drake achievement

A

First Englishman to sail around the world

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61
Q

French famous explorer

A

Jacques Cartier

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62
Q

Jacques Cartier achievement

A

Canada

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63
Q

Means of diffusion of Christianity (3)

A
  1. Migration of colonists to new lands
  2. Influence of Catholics and Protestants
  3. Convesion of indigenous peoples
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64
Q

What was the affect of European migration and settlement on the Americas (4)

A
  1. Demise of Aztec and Incan empires
  2. Legacy of a ridgid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America
  3. Forced migration of some Africans into slavery
  4. Colonies’ imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent country
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65
Q

What was the affect of European migration and settlement in Africa (2)

A
  1. European trading posts along the coast

2. Trade in slaves, gold, and other products

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66
Q

What was the affect of European migration and settlement in Asia? (2)

A
  1. Colonized by small groups of merchants

2. Influence of trading companies

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67
Q

What agricultural products changed European lifestyles? (3)

A

Corn
Potatoes
Tobacco

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68
Q

Which animals changed the lifesytle of American Indians? (2)

A

Horses

Cattle

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69
Q

What European disease killed many native Americans?

A

Smallpox

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70
Q

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures? (2)

A
  1. Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves
  2. European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment
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71
Q

What was slavery based on?

A

Race

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72
Q

What areas did the Triangular Trade link? (3)

A

Europe
Asia
Africa

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73
Q

What goods were traded along the Triangular Trade? (3)

A

Slaves
Sugar
Rum

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74
Q

What was the impac tof precious metal exports for the Americas? (3)

A
  1. Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia
  2. Labor conscription
  3. Impact on Spain and international trade
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75
Q

What empire emerged as a politcal and economic power after the conquest of Constantinople?

A

Ottoman Empire

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76
Q

Original location of Ottoman Empire

A

Asia Minor

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77
Q

Expansion and extent of the Ottoman Empire (4)

A

Southwest Asia
Southeastern Europe
Balkan Peninsula
North Africa

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78
Q

What helped unify the Ottoman Empire

A

Islamic religion – they accepted other religions though

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79
Q

What the did Ottoman Empire trade? (2)

A

Coffee

Ceramics

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80
Q

Which group did the Mughals descend from?

A

Mongols

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81
Q

Who did the Mughal Empire trade with?

A

European nations

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82
Q

Location of the Mughal Empire

A

North India

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83
Q

Contributions of the Mughal rulers (4)

A
  1. Spread Islam into India
  2. Art and architecture (Taj Mahal)
  3. Arrival of European trading outposts
  4. Influence of Indian textiles on British textiles
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84
Q

Who competed for trade in the Indian Ocean by established Coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent? (3)

A

Portugal
England
Netherlands

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85
Q

What did Southern India trade? (3)

A

Silk
Spices
Gems

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86
Q

How did China attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? (2)

A
  1. Creation of forgein enclaves to control trade

2. Trading restrictions with European nations

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87
Q

There was an increase in European demand for what nation’s goods?

A

China

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88
Q

Describe the power of the Japanese emperor

A

Powerless

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89
Q

Who ruled Japan

A

Military leader (shogun)

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90
Q

What was Japan’s forgein policy

A

Isolationism

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91
Q

African exports (2)

A

Slaves

Raw materials

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92
Q

Africans imported manufactored goods from which areas (2)

A

Europe, Asia, and the Americas

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93
Q

What new food products did Africans import (2)

A

Corn

Peanuts

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94
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of their mother country

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95
Q

The commerical revolution saw the emergence of what?

A

A new economic system with new money and banking systems

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96
Q

What were colonial economies limited by?

A

The economic needs of their mother country

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97
Q

What did the Scientific Revolution change?

A

The way people viewed the world and their place in it

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98
Q

Nicolaus Copernicus

A

Heliocentric theory (Earth revolves around sun)

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99
Q

Johannes Kepler

A

Planetary motion

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100
Q

Galileo Galilei

A

Used a telescope to support heliocentric theory

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101
Q

Isaac Newton

A

Discovered Laws of Gravity

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102
Q

William Harvey

A

Discovered the circulation of the blood

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103
Q

What did the scientific revolution emphasize?

A

Reason and systematic observation of nature

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104
Q

The scientific revolution led to the formulation of…

A

Scientific method

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105
Q

Age of Absolutism

A

Series of European monarchs who increased the power of their governments

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106
Q

Characteristics of absolute monarchies (2)

A
  1. Centralization of pwer

2. Rule by divine right

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107
Q

Who were abolute monarchs? (2)

A

Louis XIV – France

Peter the Great – Russia

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108
Q

Louis XIV

A

Built Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power

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109
Q

Peter the Great

A

Westernization of Russia

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110
Q

Democracy

A

Government derives power from the consent of the governed

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111
Q

Foundations of English freedoms (3)

A

Jury trial
Magna Carta
Common law

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112
Q

Which war prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen?

A

English Civil War

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113
Q

Which revolution prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen?

A

Glorious Revolution

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114
Q

Development of the rights of Englishmen

Oliver Cromwell and the execution of…

A

Charles I

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115
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

Bloodless

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116
Q

English Bill of RIghts of 1689

A

Increase of parliamentary power and decrease of royal power

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117
Q

What did Enlightenment thinkers believe?

A

Human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and resason to issues of law and government

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118
Q

What did Enlightenment ideas influence? (2)

A
  1. Leaders of th American Revolution

2. Declaration of Independence

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119
Q

What was the affect of the Enlightment on religion?

A

Increased religious tolerance

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120
Q

What did the Enlightenment fuel?

A

Democratic revolutions around the world

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121
Q

Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan

A

Humans exist in a primitive “state of nature” and consent to government for self protection

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122
Q

John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government

A

Natural rights to life, liberty, and property

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123
Q

Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws

A

Seperation of powers

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124
Q

Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract

A

Government is a contract between rulers and the peoplle

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125
Q

Voltaire (2)

A

Religious toleration

Seperation of church and state

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126
Q

Where did Enlightenment fueled rebellions ocurr? (2)

A

Americas

France

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127
Q

Which American documents incorportate Englightenment ideas? (3)

A

Declaration of Independence
Constitution
Bill of Rights

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128
Q

Causes of the French Revolution? (2)

A
  1. Influence of Englightenment ideas

2. Influence of American Revolution

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129
Q

Events of the French Revolution? (2)

A

Storming of the Bastille

Reign of Terror

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130
Q

Outcomes of the French Revolution (2)

A
  1. End of absolution monarchy of Louis XVI

2. Rise of Napoleon

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131
Q

Age of Reason (Enlightement) witnessed …

A

Inventions that stimulated trade and transportation

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132
Q

Johan Sebastian Bach

A

Baroque composer

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133
Q

Mozart

A

Classical composer

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134
Q

Voltaire

A

Philosopher

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135
Q

Migeul de Cervantes

A

Novelist

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136
Q

Eugene Delacroix

A

Painter

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137
Q

New paintings depicted (4)

A

Classical subjects
Public events
Natural scenes
Portraits

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138
Q

New technologies (3)

A
  1. Better roads
  2. Farm tools ++
  3. Ship design ++
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139
Q

What were Latin American revolutions influenced by?

A

European revolutions

140
Q

What was the effect of Spanish conquests in Latin america? (2)

A

Decline of native populations

Introduction of slaves from Africa

141
Q

Conquistadors

A

Given government authority by the crown – later know as viceroys

142
Q

What did colonial governments mirror?

A

Home governments

143
Q

What religion had a strong influnces on the development of Latin American colonies?

A

Catholicism

144
Q

What was a major element of the Latin American colonies?

A

Mining of precious metals for export

145
Q

What Latin American major cities were established as outposts of colonial authority? (5)

A 
Havana
Mexico City
Lima
Sao Paulo
Buenos Aires
146
Q

What king of class structure did Latin American colonies have?

A

Ridgid class structure

147
Q

What were the 3 class groups in Latin American colonies?

A

Viceroy – colonial officers
Creoles
Mestizos

148
Q

What happened in the Haitian revolution? (3)

A

Slaves rebelled
Abolished slavery
Won independence

149
Q

Who started the Mexican independence movement?

A

Father Miguel Hidalgo

150
Q

Which colonies gained independence? (3)

A

French
Spanish
Portuguese

151
Q

Which Latin American countries established indpendent nations? (5)

A 
Mexico
Haiti
Colombia
Venezuela
Brazil
152
Q

Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?

A

Former slave who led the Haitian rebellion against the French

153
Q

Which armies did Toussaint L’Ouverture defeat? (3)

A

Spain
France
Brazil

154
Q

Who was Simon Bolivar

A

Native resident who led revolutionary efforts in Venezuela

155
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

Alterted European powers that American continents should not be considered for any future colonization

156
Q

Impact of the Monroe Doctrine in Latin America

A

Latine American nations were acknowledged to be independent

157
Q

What was the impact of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna?

A

Changes in politcal boundries in Europe

158
Q

What did Napoleon attempt to do (unsuccessfully)

A

Unify Europe under French domination

159
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests

160
Q

Napoleonic code (3)

A
  1. Forbade privileges based on birth
  2. Allowed freedom of religion
  3. Government jobs should go to the most qualified
161
Q

What was the legacy of Napoleon

A

Awakend feelings of national pride (growth of nationalism)

162
Q

Legacy of the Congress of Vienna led to which doctrine?

A

Balance of power

163
Q

How did Congress of Vienna affect monarchies?

A

Restored them

164
Q

What political philosphies did the Congress of Vienna lead to? (2)

A

Liberalism

Conservatism

165
Q

What stimulated the growth of nationalism? (3)

A

National pride
Economic competition
Democratic ideals

166
Q

What was a negative effect of the Congress of Vienna?

A

Widespread discontent in Europe (especially in Italy and Germany)

167
Q

In contrast to continental Europe. how did Great Britian expand politcal rights? (2)

A

Legislative means

Abolishing slavery

168
Q

Who unified northern Italy?

A

Count Cavour

169
Q

Who joined southern Italy to northern Italy?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

170
Q

Which states for the last to join Italy?

A

Papal states (including Rome)

171
Q

Otto von Bismarck

A

Led Prussia in the unification of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings

172
Q

Realpolitik

A

Justifies all means to achieve and hold politcal power

173
Q

What war led to the creatio nof the German state?

A

Franco-Prussian War

174
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution originate?

A

England

175
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England? (2)

A
  1. Natural resources like coal, iron ore

2. Steam engine

176
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution spread to? (2)

A

Europe

United States

177
Q

What were important industries in the Industrial Revolution? (3)

A

Cotton textile
Iron
Steel

178
Q

What movement encourgaged the Industrial Revolution?

A

British Enclosure Movement

179
Q

What system rose in the Industrial Revolution?

A

Factory system

180
Q

What indutry declines in the Industrial Revolution?

A

Cottage industries

181
Q

Who invented the spinning jenny?

A

James Hargreaves

182
Q

Steam engine (perosn)

A

James Watt

183
Q

Cotton gin (person)

A

Eli Whitney

184
Q

Process for making steel (person)

A

Henry BEssemer

185
Q

Edward Jenner

A

Developed smallpox vaccination

186
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Discovered bacteria

187
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on population

A

Population increased

188
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on standards of living

A

Standards of living increased for many though not all

189
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on transportation

A

Improved transportation

190
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on environment

A

Pollution increased

191
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on education

A

Education increased

192
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on working class

A

Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions

193
Q

Impact of the Industrial Revolution on middle class

A

Growth of middle class

194
Q

What fueld the Industrial Revolution? (2)

A

Capitalism

Market competition

195
Q

Which person is associated with captialism

A

Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations

196
Q

How did captialism impact the standards of living

A

Impoved standards of living

197
Q

How did capitalism impact middle class

A

Growth of middle class

198
Q

What were dissatisfactions with captialism? (2)

A
  1. Poor working condition

2. Unequal distribution of wealth in society

199
Q

Where were theories opposed to captialism? (2)

A

Socialism

Communism

200
Q

Who is assocaited with socialism and communism?

A

Karl Marx – Communist Manifesto and Das Capital

201
Q

What were socialism and communism a response to?

A

Injustices of captialism

202
Q

What did socialism and communism emphasize?

A

Redistribution of wealth

203
Q

What were agricultural economies based on

A

Family unit

204
Q

Nature of work in the factory system (2)

A
  1. Harsh working conditions

2. Men competing with women and children for wages

205
Q

What invention increased demand for slave labor?

A

Cotton gin

206
Q

Which countries outlawed the slave trade and then slavery? (2)

A

United States

Great Britian

207
Q

Who entered the workplace as cheap labor (2)

A

Women and children

208
Q

How did the public react to child labor

A

Reform to end it

209
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect education?

A

Expansion of education

210
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect women?

A

Increased demands for suffrage

211
Q

Why did workers go on strikesd? (2)

A

Increase wages

Improve working conditions

212
Q

What did labor united lobby for? (2)

A
  1. Worker rights

2. Collective bargaining between labor and management

213
Q

European nations competed to control which continents to secure their economic and politcal success? (2)

A

Asia

Africa

214
Q

What forms did resistancfe to imperialism take? (2)

A

Armed conflict

Intellectual movements

215
Q

What motivated European nations to compete for colonial possession?

A

Nationalism

216
Q

How did European imperialism affect colonial industries?

A

Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries

217
Q

Forms of imperialism (3)

A
  1. Colonies
  2. Protectorates (relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region)
  3. Spheres of influence (claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory)
218
Q

Imperialism in Africa and Asia (7)

A
  1. European domination
  2. European conlicts carried to the colonies
  3. Christian missionary efforts
  4. Spheres of influence in China
  5. Suez Canal
  6. East India Company’s domination of Indian states
  7. American opening of Japan to trade
219
Q

Responses of colonize peoples (2)

A
  1. Armed conflicts (Boxer Rebellion)

2. Rise of nationalism (Indian nationalist party)

220
Q

When was World War 1?

A

1914-1918

221
Q

Causes of World War 1 (6)

A
  1. Alliances
  2. Nationalism
  3. Diplomatic failures
  4. Imperialism
  5. Competition over colonies
  6. Militarism
222
Q

What what the catalyst for WW1?

A

Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand

223
Q

Who entered in the middle of WW1?

A

US

224
Q

Who left in the middle of WW1?

A

Russia

225
Q

Who were the major leaders of WW1? (2)

A 
Woodrow Wilson (US)
Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany)
226
Q

Colonies participation in WW1 led to…?

A

Increased demands for independence

227
Q

WW1 led to the end of which empires? (3)

A

Imperial Russia
Ottoman
German
Austro-Hungary

228
Q

Treaty of Versailles (5)

A
  1. Forced Germany to accept guilt
  2. Forced Germany to pay repartations
  3. Took German territory
  4. Limited the German military
  5. League of Nations
229
Q

The Tsarist Russia that entered WW1 was characterized by? (2)

A 
Absolute monarchy
Sharp class divisions
230
Q

Inadequate adminstration in WW1 led to? (2)

A

Revolution

Unsuccessful provisional government

231
Q

Causes of 1917 revolutions (4)

A
  1. Defeat in war with Japan in 1905
  2. Landless peasantry
  3. Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II
  4. MIlitary defeats and high casualties in WW1
232
Q

Bolshevik Revolution and civil war (2)

A
  1. Proletariat rose up against the tzar and upper classes

2. Tzar Nicholas II and family were executed

233
Q

Vladimir Lenin’s New Economic Policy (2)

A
  1. To hellp Russia’s economy

2. Still come private owned businesses and farmers could keep some surplus

234
Q

Who was Lenin’s successor

A

Stalin

235
Q

What was the League of Nations?

A

International cooperative organization

236
Q

Why was the League of Nations established?

A

Prevent future wars

237
Q

Who was not a member of the League of Nations?

A

US

238
Q

Why did the League of Nations fail?

A

Did not have power to enforce its decisions

239
Q

(Mandate system) During WW1, who agreed to divide the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves? (2)

A

Great Britain

France

240
Q

The division of the Ottoman Empires through the mandate systems planted the seed for ..

A

Future Middle East conflict

241
Q

Caused of the Great Depression (5)

A
  1. German reparations
  2. High portective tariffs
  3. Expansion of credit
  4. Stock Market Crash
  5. Dominance of the United States in the global economy
242
Q

When did the Stock Market crash?

A

1929

243
Q

Impacts of the world depression (5)

A
  1. High unemployment
  2. Bank failures
  3. Collapse of credit
  4. Nazi Party’s growing importance in Germany
  5. Collapse of prices in world trade
244
Q

Stalin

A

Russia (Communism)

245
Q

Stalin’s policies (4)

A
  1. Five Year plans
  2. Collectivization of farms (state run farms)
  3. State industrialization
  4. Secret police (KGB)
246
Q

Great Purge

A

Killing of Stalin’s enemies

247
Q

Hitler

A

Germany

248
Q

Germany during the interwar years (7)

A
  1. Inflation
  2. Depression
  3. Anti-Semitism
  4. Extreme nationalism
  5. National socialism (Nazism)
  6. Germany occumation of nearby counties
  7. Democratic government weakened
249
Q

Mussolini

A

Italy

250
Q

Italy during the interwar years (3)

A
  1. Rise of fascism
  2. Ambition to restore the glory of Rome
  3. Invasion of Ethiopia
251
Q

Japan leaders (2)

A

Hirohity

Hideki Tojo

252
Q

Japan during the interwar years (3)

A

Militarism
Industrialization
Invasions

253
Q

Where did Japan invade (3)

A

Korea
Manchuria
China

254
Q

Causes of WW2 (6)

A
  1. Aggression by totalitarian powers
  2. Nationalism
  3. Failures of the Treaty of Versailles
  4. Weakness of the League of Nations
  5. Appeasement
  6. Tendencies toward isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States
255
Q

When was WW2?

A

1939-1954

256
Q

D-Day

A

Allied invasio of Europe

257
Q

Where were atomic bombs dropped? (2)

A

Hiroshima

Nagasaki

258
Q

Franklin D. Roosevelt

A

US president

259
Q

Harry Truman

A

US president

260
Q

Dwight D. Eisenhower

A

Allied commander in Europe

261
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

US general

262
Q

George Marshall

A

US general

263
Q

Winston Churchill

A

British prime minister

264
Q

Stalin

A

Soviet dictator

265
Q

Hitler

A

Nazi dictator of Germany

266
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

Japanese general

267
Q

Hirohity

A

Emperor of Japan

268
Q

Genocide

A

The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, politcal, religious, or cultural group

269
Q

Elements leading to the Holocaust (5)

A
  1. Totalitarianism
  2. Nationalism
  3. Anti Semitism
  4. Germany’s defeat in WW1
  5. Hitler’s belief in a master race
270
Q

Final solution (2)

A

Extermination camps

Gas chambers

271
Q

Other examples of genocide (4)

A

Armenian
USSR
Cambodia
Rwanda

272
Q

Where was the Armenian genocide?

A

Ottoman Empire

273
Q

Who were the perpetrators in the Cambodian genocide?

A

Pol Pot

274
Q

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)

A

Protect the inherent dignity and the qual and inalienable rights of humans

275
Q

Outcomes of WW2 (6)

A
  1. European powers’ loss of empires
  2. War crimes trials
  3. Establishment of UN
  4. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
  5. Marshall Plan
  6. New alliances
276
Q

Iron Curtain

A

Division of Europe

277
Q

Marshall Plan

A

US gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism

278
Q

Efforts for reconstruction of Germany (3)

A
  1. Demogratic government installed in Qest Germany and West Berlin
  2. Germany and Berlin divided among the four allied powers
  3. Emergence of West Germany as economic power
279
Q

Efforts for reconstruction of Japan (4)

A
  1. US occupation of Japan
  2. Democracy and economic development
  3. Elimination of Japan’s military; US guaranteed securtity for Japan
  4. Emergence of Japan as a dominant economy
280
Q

Following WW2, the US occupied Japan under whom?

A

MacArthur

281
Q

International Cooperative Organizations (3)

A

UN
NATO
Warsaw Pact

282
Q

Who adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

A

Members of the UN

283
Q

Yalta Conference

A

World War II conference of the US, Britain, and , which planned the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany.

284
Q

What were the conflicting ideologies in the Cold War? (2)

A

Democracy vs dictatorship

Free enterprise system vs communism

285
Q

Policy of Containment

A

Truman – prevent the spread of communism abroad

286
Q

Eastern Europe was made primarily of…?

A

Soviet satellite nations – Stalins buffer nations

287
Q

Deterrence

A

Dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action not yet started, or to prevent them from doing something that another state desires (nuclear warfare)

288
Q

Collapse of communism in USSR and Eastern Europe (5)

A
  1. Soviet economy collapses
  2. Buffer countried wanted freedom
  3. Tearing down of Berlin Wall
  4. Break up of USSR
  5. Expansion of NATO
289
Q

Conatinment

A

Policy for preventing the expansion of communism

290
Q

Where were there conflicts and revolutionary movements during the COld War?

A

China

291
Q

How did the Chinese civil war end?

A

Divison of China into two nations

292
Q

Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)

A

Nationalist China (Island of Taiwan)

293
Q

Mao Zedong

A

Communist China (mainland China)

294
Q

What war did communist China participate in?

A

Korean War

295
Q

Which country’s imperialism affected Vietnam?

A

French

296
Q

Who was the Vietnamese revolutionary leader?

A

Ho Chi Minh

297
Q

What kind of nation was Vietnam?

A

Divided nation

298
Q

What type of government does Vietnam have today?

A

Communism

299
Q

Gandhi (2)

A
  1. Closer relationship between Indian and USSR

2. Developed nuclear program

300
Q

Margaret Thatcher (4)

A
  1. British Prime Minister
  2. Free traade and less government regulation of business
  3. Close relations with US
  4. Asserted UK military power
301
Q

Gorbachev (3)

A
  1. Glasnost and perestroika
  2. Fall of Berlin Wall
  3. Oversaw peaceful transition to democracy
302
Q

Glasnost

A

Policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions

303
Q

Perestroika

A

Restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system

304
Q

Deng Xiaoping (2)

A
  1. Reformed communist economy to market economy leading to rapid economic growth
  2. Communist control of government continued
305
Q

Indian National Congress

A

Dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain

306
Q

Who used to rule India?

A

British

307
Q

Who helped lead the Indian independence movement?

A

Ghandi

308
Q

What did Ghandi encourage? (2)

A

Civil disobediance

Passive resistance

309
Q

Who got Pakistan?

A

Muslims

310
Q

What is the worlds largest democratic nation?

A

Republic of India

311
Q

Nerhu

A

Associate of Gandhi who supported western industrialization

First prime minister of India

312
Q

Indian 1950 Constitution

A

South to prohibit caste discrimination

313
Q

What did UN nations cuarantee colonial populations?

A

Right to self determination

314
Q

Independence movement in Africa (4)

A
  1. Self determination (UN charter)
  2. Peaceful and violent revolutions
  3. Pride in African cultures and heritage
  4. Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation
315
Q

Which nations lost colonies? (4)

A

Britain
France
Belgium
Portugal

316
Q

West Africa

A

Peaceful transition

317
Q

Algeria

A

War for independence from France

318
Q

Kenya (2)

A

Violent struggle for independence from Britain

Leadership of Kenyatta

319
Q

South Africa (2)

A
  1. Struggle against the apartheid

2. Led by Nelson Mandela

320
Q

Who established mandates in the Middle East?

A

League of Nations

321
Q

What did mandates result in?

A

Conflicts created by religious differences

322
Q

French mandates (2)

A

Syria

Lebanon

323
Q

British mandates (2)

A

Jordan

Palestine (part became independent as the state of Israel)

324
Q

Who was the prime minister of Israel?

A

Golda Meir

325
Q

Golda Meir led Israel to victory in which war?

A

Yom Kippur War

326
Q

Whose support did Golda Meir seek?

A

US

327
Q

President of Egypt

A

Gamal Abdul Nasser

328
Q

Nasser (3)

A
  1. Nationalized the Suez Canal
  2. Established relations with USSR
  3. Built Aswan Dam
329
Q

Aswan Dam

A

Dam situated across the Nile River

330
Q

Present location of Judaism (2)

A

Israel

North America

331
Q

Present location of Christianity (3)

A

Europe
North America
South America

332
Q

Present location of Islam (3)

A

Middle East
Africa
Asia

333
Q

Present location of Hinduism (1)

A

India

334
Q

Present location of Buddhism (2)

A

East Asia

Southeast Asia

335
Q

What challenges do developed and developing nations face? (3)

A

Migration
Ethnic and religious conflict
Impact of new technologies

336
Q

What new technologies have created opportunities and challenges? (3)

A

Computers
Genetic engineering
Bioethics

337
Q

Ethnic and religious conflict (5)

A 
Middle East
Northern Ireland
Balkans
Horn of Africa
South Asia
338
Q

Free market economies produce…? (2)

A
  1. Rising standards of living

2. Expanding middle class

339
Q

Recent examples the relationship between economic and politcal freedom (2)

A

Taiwan

South Korea

340
Q

European Union

A

European organization set up to promote tariff free trade among members

341
Q

Free trade

A

Elimination of trade barriers

342
Q

NAFTA

A

North American free trade agreement

Canada, US, Mexico

343
Q

WTO

A

Oversees trade among nations and makes sure it flows as smoothly and freely as possible

344
Q

Terrorism

A

Use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce for politcal reasons

345
Q

Major cause of terrorism

A

Religious extremism

346
Q

Munich Olympics

A

11 members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage

AP World (7 decks)

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