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AP World > AP Exam Unit 3 > Flashcards

AP Exam Unit 3 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

How did trade networks in the post-Classical Era compare to the Classical Era?

A

They witnessed greater action

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2
Q

What functions did these commercial networks serve? (3)

A
  1. Conduits for cultural diffusion
  2. Conduits for technological diffusion
  3. Conduits for biological diffusion
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3
Q

What role did pastoral ad nomadic groiups play in these trade networks?

A

They helped sustain the trading networks

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4
Q

What major religion emerged at the start of this period?

A

Islam

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5
Q

How did Islam spread? (2)

A
  1. Trade

2. Warfare

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6
Q

How did the physical size of post-Classical trade networks compare tot he previous era?

A

They were larger and had an increased volume of trade

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7
Q

What contributed to this increased trade? (2)

A

Improvemets in technological and commercial practices

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8
Q

What Classical era trade networks continued during the post-Classical era? (4)

A

Silk Roads
Mediterraean Sea
Trans-Saharan
Indian Ocean basin

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9
Q

Which new cities were added durig the post-Classical era?

A 
Timbuktu
Swahili city states
Hangshou
Calicut
Baghdad
Venice
Melaka
Tenochtitlan
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10
Q

What new trade networks developed in this era? (2)

A

Mesoamerica

Andes

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11
Q

This era experience the growth of interregional trade in what luxury goods?

A 
Silk
Cotton textiles
Porcelain
Sices
Precious metals
Gems
Slaves
Exotic Animals
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12
Q

What new technologies enabled the growth of interregional trade networks? (5)

A 
More sophisticated caravan organization 
Compass
Astrolabe
Larger ship designs
New forms of credit and monetization
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13
Q

What factors encouraged commercial growth in the post classical era?

A 
State practices (minting of coins and paper moey)
Trading organizations (Hanseatic League)
State sponsored commercial infrastructures (Grand canal in China)
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14
Q

What was the Hanseatic League?

A

Economic and defensive confederation of free towns in northern Germany and neighboring areas

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15
Q

What existing empires expanded in this era? (3)

A

China
Byzantine
Caliphates

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16
Q

What new empire arose in this period?

A

Mongols

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17
Q

How did the expansion of empires and traade etworks affect the relationship between peoples inside or outside those zones?

A

It facilitated trans-Eurasian trade and communication as new peoples were drawn into their conquerors’ economies ad trade networks

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18
Q

What were the effects of migration in the post classical era? (2)

A

Environmental

Linguistic

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19
Q

What did the expansion and intesification of long distance trade routes depend on?

A

People’s understanding of a particular regional evironment and the subsequent technological adaptations to them

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20
Q

How did the Scandinavians Vikings adapt?

A

They used their longboats to travel in coastal and open water as well as rivers ad estuaries

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21
Q

How did the Arabs and Berbers adapt?

A

They adated camels to travel across ad around the Sahara

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22
Q

How did the central Asian pastoral groups adapt?

A

They used horses to travel in the stepes

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23
Q

How did the Bantu migration affect the environment?

A

By facilitating the transmission of iron technologies in Sub Saharan Africa

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24
Q

How did the Polynesian peoples affect the environment?

A

By cultivating transplanted foods and domestic animals as they moved to new islands

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25
Q

What were the linguistic affects of migrations?

A

Diffusion of some languages or the emergence of new languages (spread of Bantu languages including Swahili, spread of Turkic and Arabic languages)

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26
Q

How did trade networks as a whole develop during this period?

A

The existing trade networks intensified while there was also the creation of new networks

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27
Q

Where did Islam develop?

A

Arabian peninsula

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28
Q

How did Islam develop?

A

From the interactions between Jews, Christians, ad Zoroastrians with local peoples

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29
Q

How did Islam expand?

A

Military expansion

Activities of merchants and missionaries

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30
Q

What institutions did merchants create to foster both trade and cultural diffusion?

A

Diaspora commuities where they itroduced their own cultural traditions into the indigenous culture

31
Q

Where did Muslim merchants set up diaspora commuities?

A

Indian Ocean region

32
Q

Where did Chinese merchants set up diaspora commuities?

A

Southeast Asia

33
Q

Where did Sogdian merchants set up diaspora commuities?

A

Central Asia

34
Q

Where did Jews set up diaspora commuities? (3)

A

Mediterranean
Indian Ocean basin
Silk Roads

35
Q

What do the writigs of interregional travelers such as Ibn Battuta ad Marco Polo illustrate?

A

Both the extendt and the limitations of intercultural knowledge ad understanding

36
Q

How did post classical trade affect the diffusion of leteray, artistic, ad cultural traditions?

A

It caused it

37
Q

How did post classical trade affect the difusion of scientific and technological traditions?

A

It caused it

38
Q

What influenced Muslim scholars? (2)

A

Greek ad Indian mathematics

39
Q

How did Greek sciece and philosophy return to Western Europe?

A

Via Muslim al-Andalus in Iberia

40
Q

Where did the gunpowder (originally from East Asia) spread?

A

Islamic empires and Western Europe

41
Q

What were the biological effects of post classical trade?

A

Diffusion of crops and pathogens along trade routes

42
Q

What new food was adopted in Africa?

A

Bananas

43
Q

What new food was adopted in East Asia?

A

New rice varieties

44
Q

What new foods spread throughout Dar-al Islam and the Mediterranean basin? (3)

A

Cotton
Sugar
Citrus

45
Q

What disease also spread via post classical trade networks?

A

Black Death

46
Q

How did post classical states aviod the mistakes of classical empires in the regions where classical empires collapsed?

A

By combining traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations bettwer suited to the current circumstances

47
Q

Name two examples of reconstituted governments following the collapse of empries?

A 
Byzantine
China dynasties (Sui, Tang, Song)
48
Q

What are some sources of power and legitimacy? (3)

A

Patriarchy
Religion
Land owing elites

49
Q

What are some innovations (3)

A

New methods of taxation
Tributary systems
Adaption of religious institutions

50
Q

What new forms of governance emerged in the psot calssical era?

A

Islamic states

Mongol Khanates

51
Q

What are examples of the Islamic states the arose in this period? (3)

A

Abbasids
Muslim Iberia
Delhi sultanates

52
Q

Which traditions did Islamic states synthesize/borrow?

A

Persia

53
Q

Which traditions did Japan synthesize/borrow?

A

China

54
Q

In the Americas, where did city states flourish?

A

Maya reigons

55
Q

In the Americas, where did imperial systems develop? (2)

A

Mexica (Aztecs)

Inca

56
Q

What was a result of interregional conflicts between states and empires?

A

Technological and cultural transfers

57
Q

Across the Mongol empires during the crusades, which empires experienced significant technological and cultural transfers between each other?

A

Tang China and the Abbasids

58
Q

What was an overall worldwide economic trend?

A

Increase in productivity and production

59
Q

Why did agricultural production increase significantly during this period?

A

Technological innovations

60
Q

What new innovations affected agriculture in this era? (5)

A 
Champa rice varieties
Chinampa field system
Waru waru field cultivation in the Andean
Improved terracing techniques
Horse collar
61
Q

Crops were transported from their indigenous homelands to where?

A

Equivalent climates in other regions

62
Q

Which states’ merchants and artisan expanded their production of textiles and porcelains for export? (3)

A

China
Persia
India

63
Q

Industrial production of which metals expanded in China?

A

Iron

Steel

64
Q

Why did some post classical urban areas decline? (4)

A

Invasions
Disease
Decline of agricultural productivity
Little Ice Age

65
Q

Why did some post classical urban areas prosper and grow? (7)

A 
End of invasions
Availability of safe and reliable transport
Rise of commerce
Warmer temperatures between 800 and 1300
Increased agricultural productivity
Subsequent rising population
Greater availability of labor
66
Q

What role did cities play in their societies during this era?

A

The same role as in the past as governmental, religious, and commercial centers

Older cities declined while newer cities took on these established roles

67
Q

What pre existing labor systems continued? (7)

A 
Free peasant agriculture
Nomadic pastoralism
Craft production
Guild organization
Coerced and unfree labor
Government imposed labor taxes
Military obligations
68
Q

Continuities in social structures (2)

A

Patriarchy

Shaped largely by class and caste hierarchies

69
Q

Where did women exercise more pwer? (4)

A

Mongols
West Africa
Japan
Southeast Asia

70
Q

What and where did new forms of coerced labor appear? (2)

A

Serfdom – Europe and Japan

Elaboration of the mita – Inca

71
Q

Where did free peasants stage revolts? (2)

A

China

Byzantine

72
Q

Where did the demand for slavery increase?

A

Central Eurasia
Parts of Africa
Eastern Mediterranean

73
Q

Why did demands of slavery increase?

A

Military and domestic purposes

74
Q

The diffusion of which religions/ideologies led to significant changes in gender relations and family structures? (4)

A

Buddhism
Christianity
Islam
Neo Confucianism

AP World (7 decks)

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