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AP World > AP Exam Unit 5 > Flashcards

AP Exam Unit 5 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What combination of factors were necessary to begin the Industrial Revolution? (10)

A
  1. Europe’s geographical location
  2. Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber
  3. European demographic changes
  4. Urbanization
  5. Improved agricultural productivity
  6. Legal protection of private property
  7. Abundance of rivers and canals
  8. Access to forgeing resources
  9. Accumulation of capital
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2
Q

What “fueled” the Industrial Revolution (2)

A

Steam engine

Internal combustion engine

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3
Q

What fossil fuels were exploited as a result of these machines? (2)

A

Coal

Oil

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4
Q

What was a major effect of the fossil fuels revolution?

A

Increased the energy available to human societies

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5
Q

How did factories change the nature of labor? (2)

A
  1. Concentrated labor in a single location

2. Led to an increasing degree of specialization

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6
Q

Where did factories start?

A

Northwestern Europe

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7
Q

Where did the factory system spread? (4)

A

Other parts of Europe
United States
Japan
Russia

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8
Q

What were the new methods of production in during the “second” Industrial Revolution? (4)

A

Steel
Chemicals
Electricity
Precision machinery

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9
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution influence world trade overall? (2)

A

Developed new patterns of global trade

Further integrated the global economy

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10
Q

What raw materials were commonly exported to industrialized areas? (7)

A 
Cotton
Rubber
Palm oil
Sugar
Wheat
Meat
Guano
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11
Q

What caused an increased need for raw materials? (1)

A
  1. Increased need for food supplies as a result of growing population
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12
Q

What did export economies specialize in?

A

Mass producing a single natural resource

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13
Q

What were the profits from raw materials used for?

A

Finished goods

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14
Q

As industrial production rose, what type of economies/production declined?

A

Agriculturally based economies (such as textile production in India)

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15
Q

What “new” markets did industrialized states look/create for their exports?

A

New consumer markets (such as British and French attemps to “open up” China)

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16
Q

What led to the development of extensive mining centers? (2)

A
  1. Need for specialized and limited metals for industrial production
  2. Global demand for metals as forms of welath
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17
Q

What were the primary metals mined that served monetary purposes? (3)

A

Gold
Silver
Diamonds

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18
Q

Examples of mining centers (2)

A

Copper mines in Mexico

Gold and diamond mines in South Africa

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19
Q

With what ideologies did the inspiration for economic changes lie? (2)

A

Capitalism

Liberalism

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20
Q

Who is capitalism associated with?

A

Adam Smith

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21
Q

Who is classical liberalism associated with?

A

John Stuart Mill

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22
Q

How did industrialist legitimize the economic changes of the Industrial Rev?

A

As means of facilitating investments

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23
Q

What financial institutions facilitated industrial production? (4)

A

Stock markets
Insurance
Gold standard
Limited liability corporations

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24
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the scale of businesses?

A

Made them global

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25
Q

What did the global nature of trade and production contribute to?

A

Proliferation of large scale transnational businesses

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26
Q

What were the important developments in transportation and communication? (4)

A

Railroads
Steamships
Telegraphs
Canals

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27
Q

How did workers respond to the Industrial Revolution?

A

Organized themselves to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages

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28
Q

What governments resisted economic change and attempted to maintain pre industrial forms of economic production? (2)

A

Qing China

Ottoman

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29
Q

Which governments attempted state sponsored vision of industrialization? (4)

A

Meiji Japan
Tsarist Russia (builing of railroads and factories)
China (self strengthening movement)
Egypt (development of cotton industry)

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30
Q

How did governments mitigate the negative effects of capitalism?

A

Promoting various types of reforms

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31
Q

Government reforms in response to criticisms of capitalism (3)

A

Germany: state pension and public health
Britain: suffrage
Others: public education

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32
Q

What social changes resulted from the Industrial Revolution? (2)

A
  1. New social classes developed (middle class, industrial working class)
  2. Family dynamics and gender roles changed
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33
Q

What were affects of rapid urbanization? (2)

A

Unsanitary conditions

New forms of community

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34
Q

What imperialistic actions did states take in this period? (2)

A

Expanded existing oversea colonies

Establishe dnew types of colonies

35
Q

What were affects of modern empire building? (2)

A

Regional warfare

Diplomacy

36
Q

How did imperialism affect Europe’s global influence?

A

It increased it

37
Q

Which states increased their influence and control over their pre existing colonies? (2)

A

British (India)

Dutch (Indonesia)

38
Q

Which states lost influence and control over their pre existing colonies? (2)

A

Portuguese

Spanish

39
Q

Which estates established empires thoughout Asia and the Pacific? (7)

A 
British
Dutch
French
Germans
Russians
Americans
Japanese
40
Q

What methods did European states use in establishing empires in Africa (2)

A

Warfare

Diplomacy

41
Q

Which states used these tactics in Africa? (2)

A

Britian - West Africa

Belguim - Congo

42
Q

Where did Europeans establish settler colonies? (2)

A

British - Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand

French - Algeria

43
Q

Economic imperialism (2)

A
  1. British and French expanding their influence in China through the Opium Wars
  2. British and United States investing heavily in Latin America
44
Q

How did the expansion of US and European influence affect Tokugawa Japan?

A

Led to the emergence of the Meiji Restoration

45
Q

Which countries emulated European transoceanic imperialism? (3)

A

US
Russia
Qing China

46
Q

How did the US, Russia, and Qing China emulate European imperialism? (2)

A
  1. Expanding their land borders

2. Conquering neighboring territories

47
Q

How did anti imperialism affect the Ottoman Empire’s territories?

A

Led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire

48
Q

Contraction of the Ottoman Empire (2)

A
  1. Independent states in the Balkans

2. Semi imdependence in Egypt

49
Q

Which states developed on the edges of empires? (4)

A

Cherokee
Siam
Hawaii
Zulu

50
Q

Water were the effects of nationalism on people?

A

Fostered new communal identities

51
Q

How did imperialsts justify imperialism?

A

With new racial ideologies such as social darwinism

52
Q

How did Enlightenment and colonize people actions affact political developments?

A

Encouraged revolutionary activity

53
Q

How did politcal rebellions affect politcal structure?

A

Resulted in the formation of new states

54
Q

How did politcal rebellions affect ideologies?

A

Stimualted the development of new ideologies

55
Q

How did the Enlightenment play a role in making politcal revoluitions possible?

A

Questioned established traditions

56
Q

How did Englightenment evaluate the role of religion in public life?

A

Said religion played too much of a role – stressed the importance of reason as a opposed to revelation

57
Q

What new politcal ideas did the Enlightenment develop? (2)

A

Natural rights

Social contract

58
Q

What social and politcal norms did Enlightment thinkers challenge?

A

Social relations

59
Q

What were the effects of their questioning? (3)

A
  1. Expanded suffrage
  2. Abolition of slavery
  3. End of serfdom
60
Q

What is the basis of national identity and nationalism? (4)

A

Language
Religion
Social customs
Territory

61
Q

How did governments use these new ideas?

A

To unite diverse populations

62
Q

What propelled reformist and revolutionary movements? (2)

A

Increasing discontent with imperial rule

Spread of Enlightenment Ideas

63
Q

When the American colonial subjects rebelled, they faciliated the emergence of independent states in which areas? (4)

A

US
Haiti
Latin America
France

64
Q

What documents evidence the influence of Enlightment on revolutions? (3)

A

American Declaration of Independence
French Declation of the Rights of Man and Citizen
Bolivar’s Jamaica Letter

65
Q

How did slaves’ resistance affect existing authorities in the Americas?

A

Challenged existing authorities

66
Q

What contributed to anti-colonial movements? (2)

A
  1. Questions of politcal authority

2. Growing nationalism

67
Q

What were rebellions (such as the Taiping Rebellion, the Ghost Dance, or the Xhosa cattle killing) influenced by? (2)

A

Religious ideas
Millenarianism (belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society)

68
Q

How did imperial governments react to nationalistic rebellions?

A

Reforms in imperial policy

69
Q

What stimulated new transnational ideologies and solidarities? (2)

A

Spread of European political and social thought

Increasing number of rebellions

70
Q

What encouraged the development of new politcal ideologies?

A

Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule

71
Q

What new politcal ideoligies developed? (3)

A

Liberalism
Socialism
Communism

72
Q

What issue did Enlightenment thinkers overlook?

A

Women’s suffrage

73
Q

How did migrations in this period compare to earlier migrations?

A

They were greater

74
Q

What challenges did migration present to governments? (2)

A
  1. National identity

2. Regulating the flow of people

75
Q

What were the causes of world populaton growth? (2)

A

Changes in food production

Improved medical conditions

76
Q

How did new modes of transportaiton affact migration?

A

Migrants increasingly relocated to cities

77
Q

Why did people migrate?

A

A variety of reasons

78
Q

What were economic motives behind migration?

A

In need of work

79
Q

Coerced and semi coerced labor migrations (3)

A
  1. Slavery
  2. Chinese and Indian indentured servitude
  3. Convict labor
80
Q

Seaonal migrants (3)

A

Japanese in the Pacific
Lebanese merchants in the Americas
Italians in Argentina

81
Q

What gender were migrants usually?

A

Male – due to the physical nature of the labor in demand

82
Q

How were gender roles affected my migration?

A

Women took on new roles in the home society that were formerly occupied by men as men migrated

83
Q

How did migratns preserve and transplant their culture in their new homes?

A

Creating ethnic enclaves – also facilitated the development of migratn support networks

84
Q

How did receiving societies react to the new presence of foreign migrants?

A

Racial prejudice was common – increasingly attempted to regulate the incrased flow of people across borders (Chinese Exclusion Act, White Australia Policy)

AP World (7 decks)

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