Final Exam Flashcards
Describe the ideas and philosophies that embodied the Enlightenment (5)
- Abolition of serfdom
- Centralization of gov
- Increased freedoms for people
- Religious equality
- Human process through application of scientific knowledge
What was John Locke’s philosophy regarding natural rights? (4)
- Government exists to protect the rights of the people
- Inalienable rights
- Right to rebel
- Life, liberty, property
What were the causes of the French Revolution? (6)
- Heavy taxes
- Poor harvest
- Gap between rich and poor
- Poor leadership
- Government debt
- Enlightenment ideas
What were the causes of the American Revolution? (2)
- The crown limited colonist expansion (Proclamation of 1763)
- The crown raised taxes (in debt because of the French Indian War)
Was a the cause of the Haitain Revolution?
An attempt to end slavery
What was the impact of the Latin American independence movements? (2)
- Colonial rule ends in much of Latin America
2. New ideologies
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? (2)
- Access to natural resources
2. Invention and improvement of the steam engine
What natural resources did England have access to? (2)
Coal
Iron
How did the industrialization affect the working pattern of women? (2)
- Women worked in factories until they were married
2. Women entered the working forces as cheap labor
How did the industrialization affect the working pattern of childrem?
- Children entered the workforces as cheap labor
How did industrialization affect the size of famlies?
Size of family decreased
Why did the size of family decrease?
Birth control
In which class did family size stay about the same?
Working class
How did industrialization affect overall demographics? (4)
- Population increased
- Increased standards of living, though not for all
- Increased education
- Growth of the middle class
What is capitalism?
Economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production with the goal of making a profit
Who founded capitalism?
Adam Smith
What is communism?
Revolution movement to create a classless order structured upon common ownership of means of production
What was communism a response to?
The injustices of capitalism
Where had industrialization spread by 1900? (4)
Other parts of Europe
US
Russia
Japan
Who is Otto von Bismarck
Unified most German states into a powerful German Empire
Why was the process of unifcation different in Germany than in Italy?
Italian unification was supported by France and Great Britiain while these countries opposed German unification
What is zionism?
Nationalism of Jewish culture that supports a Jewish nation state in Israel
What does zionism oppose?
Assimilation of Jews into other societies
What is a colony?
Territory under the immediate polical control of a state
What is a protectorate?
A relationship of protectioni and partail control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region (indirect control)
What is a sphere of influence?
A state’s clain to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1885?
Divide Africa
How did Social Darwinism impact the “New Imperialism?”
Justified it
In 1900, which European power controlled India?
British
In 1900, which European power controlled Vietnam?
French
In 1900, which European power controlled Algeria?
French
In 1900, which European power controlled South Africa?
Dutch
What was apartheid?
System of racial segregation in South Africa
What were the opium wars about?
Chinese wanted to end the British importation of opium
What caused the Meiji Restoration?
The expansion of US and European influence over Tokugawa Japan
What are ethnic enclaves?
Places with high ethnic concentration
What purposed did ethnic enclaves serve?
Cultural diffusion
How did dominant cultures response to large scale migration to their countries? (2)
- Ethnic and racial prejudice
2. Attempted to regulate the flow of immigraiton
What event was the immediate cause of WWI in Europe?
Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand
What role did Japan have in WWI? (2)
- Allied with the Entente Powers
2. Secured the sea lanes in the South Pacific and Indian Oceans against Germany
What were the main terms the Germans had to accept under the Treaty of Versailles? (4)
- Guilt for the war
- Loss of territory
- Reparations
- Limited military
What was the foreign policy of the US immediately following WWI?
Isolationism
What caused Russia to end its involvement in WWI?
Russian Revolution
What were the two groups fighting in the Russian Civil War?
Bolshevik Red Army (communists) White Army (anti-communists)
What was the ultimate results of the Mandate system establish after WWI?
Great Britian and France gained territory in the Middle East
What was the long term affect of the mandate system?
Future conflicts in the Middle East
How did WWI influence popuar culture?
Increased propoganda
Who was Lenin’s immediate successor as leader of the USSR?
Stalin
What was the causes of the Great Depression? (5)
- German reparations
- Dominance of US economy in global economy
- High protective tariffs
- Excessive expansion of credits
- Stock Market Crash
How did the Great Depression impact the role of governments in their country’s ecnomies?
Increased governments role (government did more spending and investing)
What is fascism?
Form of radical authoritarian nationalism that unifies a nation through a totalitarian state that promotes the mass mobilization of the national community
What role did appeasement have in the years leading up to WWII?
Allowed Hitler and Japan to annex territory unpunished
How did WWII differ from previous wars? (3)
- Unprecedented global scale
- Nuclear weapons
- New technology
- Required the total commitment of all the nation’s populous and economic resources
What was Hitler’s final solution?
Annihilate the Jewish people
What happened to Japan after WWII? (2)
US occupied Japan
Eliminated Japan’s military capabilities
How did the agreements made at the Yalta Conference impact Europe following WWII?
Divide Germany between Britain, US, France, and USSR (East and West Berlin)
Why were the Americans fearful of the USSR following WWII? (2)
- Buildup by the USSR in arms and nuclear weapons
2. Felt that the USSR was trying to spread communism
What was Containment?
US policy to prevent the spread of communism
What was NATO?
Defensive alliance between US, Canada, and western European nations
What was the Warsaw Pact?
Defensive alliance between USSR and eastern European nations in response of NATO
What was the Domino Theory?
If one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect
What ultimately caused the end of the Cold War?
Collapse of the USSR
What two Gorbachev policies led to the collaspse of the USSR?
Glasnost (openness)
Perestroika (restructurring)
Who was Mohandas Ghandi? (2)
Helped lead India to independence through teaching nonviolence
Hindu Muslim unity
Who was Jomo Kenyatta?
Led Kenya to independence from the British
Who is Nelson Mandela? (2)
Led black South Africans’ struggle against apartheid
First black president of the Republic of South Africa
What happened to the Indian subcontinent after it gained indpendence? ()
- Western style industrialization
- Constitution to prohibt caste discrimation
- Ethnic and religious differences caused split (Muslim Pakistan, Hindu India)
What is genocide?
The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, politcal, religious, or cultural group
What have been sites of major genocides in the second half of the 1900s? (3)
Rwanda
USSR
Cambodia
What are the differences between developed and developing countries? (4)
- Geographic locations
- Economic conditions
- Social conditions
- Population size and rate of growth
Compare the birthrates in developed and developing countries
Developed countries have lower birthrates
Developing countries have higher birthrates
What caused the disparity between developed and developing countries?
Colonialism
What has caused growing interdependence throughout the world? (5)
- Better technology
- Rise and influence of multinational corporations
- Changing role of international boundries
- Trade agreements
- International organizations
What is the most strongly inegrated regional trading bloc today?
European Union
What are some examples of Ameicanization? (3)
Hollywood
McDonalds
Starbucks
What is the Demographic Transition Theory?
Transitioni from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre industrial to an industrialized economic system
Why has international terrorism been on the rise in the last fifty years?
Increased inequitites
