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AP World > AP Exam Unit 6 > Flashcards

AP Exam Unit 6 Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

How did science affect humans’ conception of the natural world in the 20th century? (2)

A
  1. Altered understandings of the universe and the natural world
  2. Led to the development of new technologies
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2
Q

How did new technologies affect population?

A

It cause unprecedented population growth

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3
Q

What was the affect of new mode of communicationa nd transportation?

A

Virturally eliminated the problem of geographical distance

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4
Q

What new scientific models transformed human understandings of the world? (4)

A

Theory of relativity
Quantum mechanics
Big Band theory
Psychology

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5
Q

Which scientific discovery affected humans ability to feed and care for themselves?

A

Green Revolution

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6
Q

What did the Green Revolution do?

A

Produce food for the earth’s growing population as it spread chemically and genetically enhanced forms of agriculture

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7
Q

Which medical innovations increased the ability of humans to survive? (3)

A

Polio vaccine
Antibiotics
Artificial heart

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8
Q

What new energy technologies affected the 20th century? (2)

A

Oil

Nuclear power

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9
Q

What was the affect of new energy technologies such as oil and nuclear power? (2)

A

Raised productivity

Increased production of material goods

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10
Q

How did humans’ relationship to the environment change? (3)

A
  1. Expointed and competed over finite resources
  2. Global warming
  3. Pollution
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11
Q

What were causes of gloabl warming? (2)

A

Green house gases

Other pollutants

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12
Q

What did pollution threaten?

A

Water and air supply

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13
Q

What were continuities in the consequences of the human impact on the environment? (2)

A

Deforestation

Desertification

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14
Q

What happened to the rate of extinction of species?

A

Accelerated

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15
Q

What caused some of the major demographic chagnes? (3)

A

Disease
Scientific innovations
Conflict

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16
Q

Coninuity in disease

A

Disease associated with poverty

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17
Q

Diseases associated with poverty (3)

A

Malaria
Tuberculosis
Cholera

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18
Q

New diseases (3)

A

1919 influenza
Ebola
HIV/AIDS

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19
Q

What was the affect of changing lifestyles on certain diseases?

A

Increased longevity which led to higher incidents of certain diseases (diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimers)

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20
Q

How did the inverntion of reliable birth control affect gender roles?

A

Gave women greater control over fertility

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21
Q

How did military technology affect wartime causalties?

A

Improved technology led to increased levels of wartime casualties

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22
Q

Improved military technologies (3)

A

Tanks
Airplanes
Atomic Bomb

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23
Q

New tactics (2)

A

Trench warfare

Fire bombing

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24
Q

Increased incident of wartime casualties (1)

A

Hiroshima

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25
Q

Internal and external factors challenging politcal stability (5)

A
  1. Ethnic and religious conflicts
  2. Secessionist movements
  3. Territorial partitions
  4. Economic dependency
  5. Legacies of colonialism
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26
Q

How did the world politcal order transform?

A

Europe dominated the global politcal order at the beginning of the century, but transregional politcal organizations dominated at the century’s end

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27
Q

Which older land based empires collapsed? (3)

A

Ottoman
Russian
Qing

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28
Q

Why did older land based empires decline and/or collapse? (4)

A

Economic hardship
Politcal and social discontent
Technological stagnation
Military defeat

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29
Q

By what means did imperial colonies achieve independence? (2)

A

Negotiation

Armed struggle

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30
Q

Which coloies negotiated their independence? (2)

A

India and the Gold Coast from the British Empire

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31
Q

Which colonies achieved their iddependence through armed struggle? (3)

A

Algeria from French
Vietnam from French
Angola from Portuguese

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32
Q

What new movements challenged that status quo during imperial rule? (2)

A

Emerging ideologies

Anti imperialism

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33
Q

Nationalist leaders in Asia and Africa who challenged imperial rule (3)

A

Gandhi
Ho Chi Minh
Kwame Nkrumah

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34
Q

What did regional, religious, and ethnic movements achieve? (2)

A

Challenging colonial rule

Inheriting imperial boundries

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35
Q

What new identities were used to unite populations soread across national movements?

A

Transnational movements

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36
Q

Transnational movements (3)

A

Communism
pan Arabism
pan Africanism

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37
Q

What ideologies were often used to undo imperialism? (2)

A

Communism

Socialism

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38
Q

Where did movements to resdistribute land and resources develop? (3)

A

Africa
Asia
Latin America

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39
Q

How ere colonial peoples affected by the change of old colonial boundries?

A

Population resettlements

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40
Q

Population resettlements (3)

A

Indian Pakistan partition
Zionist Jewish settlement of Palestine
Division of the Middle East into mandatory states (certain territories transferred from the control of one country to another following World War I)

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41
Q

How were relationships between imperial powers and former colonies maintained after the end of those empires?

A

Migration of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles

42
Q

Migrations of former colonial subjects to imperial metropoles (3)

A

South Asians to Britain
Algerians to France
Filipinos to United States

43
Q

What circumstances contributed to genocide and mass refugee populations?

A

Ethnic violence

44
Q

Ethnic violence (4)

A

Armenia
Holocaust
Cambodia
Rwanda

45
Q

Refugee populations (2)

A

Palestinians

Darfurians

46
Q

What ideologies did governments use to mobilize thier state’s resources? (3)

A

Fascism
Nationalism
Communism

47
Q

Where were these state resources located? (3)

A

Home country
Colonies
Former colonies

48
Q

Consciption of colonial people for soldiers (2)

A

India (Gurkha soldiers)

Australia (ANZAC)

49
Q

How did governments mobilize their populations? (4)

A

Politcal speeches
Art
Media
Intensified forms of nationalism

50
Q

How did the World Wars affect the nature of war?

A

Made them “total wars”

51
Q

What global conflict was their in the first half of the century? (6)

A
  1. Imperial expansion by European powers and Japan
  2. Competition for resources
  3. Ethnic conflict
  4. Great power rivalries between Great Britian and Germany
  5. Nationalist ideolies
  6. Economic crisis engendered by the Great Depression
52
Q

How did the global balance of economic and politcal power shift after WW2?

A

Evolved into the Cold War

53
Q

How did the world’s balance of power change during the Cold War?

A

United States and Soviet Union emerged as superpowers

54
Q

What the the United States and Soviet Union emergence as superpowers lead to?

A

Ideologial struggle between capitalism and communism

55
Q

What were the Cold War’s military consequences? (2)

A 
New military alliances
Proxy wars (war that results when opposing powers use third parties as substitutes for fighting each other directly)
56
Q

Military alliances (2)

A

NATO

Warsaw Pact

57
Q

Proxy wars in (3)

A

Latin America
Africa
Asia

58
Q

What caused the Cold War to end?

A

Dissolution of the Soviet Union

59
Q

How did various reactions to the violence of the 20th century compare?

A

Some opposed this trend while others intesified the conflicts

60
Q

How did groups respons do the many wars?

A

Challenged the wars (Picasso’s Guernica, anti nuclear movement during the cold war, Thich Quand Duc’s self immolation)

61
Q

How did others respond

A

Promoting nonviolence (Tolstoy, Ghandhi, MLK)

62
Q

What alternatives were offered to the economic, politcal, and social status quo? (3)

A
  1. Non aligned movement which presented an alternative politcal bloc to the Cold War
  2. Tiananmen Square protests that promoted democracy in China
  3. Anti Apartheid Movement
63
Q

How did reactions by governments and militaries affect the degree of conflict during the 20th century?

A

They often further intensified it

64
Q

Why did some movements use terrorism?

A

To achieve politcal aims

65
Q

Violent movements (3)

A

IRA (Irish republican revolutionary military)
ETA (Basque National Liberation Movement)
Al-Qaeda

66
Q

Influences of global conflicts on popular culture are found in…? (4)

A

Dada (art movement of the Europeans)
James Bond
Socialist Realism
Video games

67
Q

What new governmental institutions emerged as a result of the 20th century conflicts?

A

Institutions of global governance

68
Q

How did the new understandings of this era manifest themselver?

A

Cultural production

69
Q

Describe the relationship between institutions of global governance and new social conditions

A

They shaped and adpated to each other

70
Q

How did states respond to the 20th century economic challenges?

A

In a variety of ways

71
Q

How did the communist states of the Soviet Union and China respond to the 20th century economic challenges?

A
  1. Governments directed the national economies

2. Governments oversaw the development of industry

72
Q

Five-Year Plans

A

Soviet economic practice of planning to augment agricultural and industrial output by designated quotas for a limited period of usually five years

73
Q

Great Leap Forward

A

Economic and social campaign of China which aimed to use China’s vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of rapid industrialization and collectivization

74
Q

How did the Great Depression affect governments’ relationship to their economy

A

With the onset of the Great Depression, governments began to take a more active role in the economy

75
Q

What role did governments play in newly independent states after WW2?

A

Governments took on a strong role in guiding the economy to promote economic development

76
Q

Governments promoting economic development (2)

A

Egypt: Nasser’s promotion of economic developement

East Asia: Encouragement of export oriented economies

77
Q

At the end of the 20th century, what did many governments encourage? (2)

A

Free market economic policies

Economic liberalizations

78
Q

Which countries/leaders promoted free market economic policies and economic liberalization? (3)

A

US: Regan
Britain: Margaret Thatcher
China: Deng Xiaoping

79
Q

How did international organizations affect the relationship of states and peoples around the world?

A

States became increasingly interdependent (relationship in which each member is mutually dependent on the others)

80
Q

What was the purpose of new internation organizations such as the League of Nations of the UN? (2)

A

Maintain world peace

Facilitate internationa cooperation

81
Q

What were the economic effects of new international organizations?

A

Spread of the principles and practices associated with free market economics

82
Q

Which new international organizations sought to spread the principles and practices associated with free market economics? (3)

A

IMF
World Bank
WTO (World Trade Organization)

83
Q

What spurred the development of humanitarian organizations?

A

Humanitarians crises

84
Q

Humanitarian organizations (5)

A 
UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund )
Red Cross
Amnesty International
Doctors Without Borders
WHO (World Health Organization)
85
Q

What was the purpose of regional trading blocs?

A

Promote the movement of capital and goods across national borders

86
Q

Regional trade agreements (2)

A

EU

NAFTA

87
Q

What was the politcal affect of multi national corportions?

A

Challenging of state authority and autonomy

88
Q

Multi national corporationss (3)

A

Shell
Coca Cola
Sony

89
Q

How did these economic developments affect the distribution of world resources?

A

Increased inequalities

90
Q

When people conceptualized society in new ways, what old assumptions did they challenge? (4)

A

Race
Class
Gender
Religion

91
Q

How were reconfigured traditions spread?

A

New technologies

92
Q

What new notion gained traction?

A

Human rights

93
Q

Which documents illustrate the gained traction of human rights? (2)

A

UN Declartion of Human Rights

End of the White Australia Policy

94
Q

What did increased interation among diverse people lead to? (2)

A

New cultural identites

Exclsuionary reactions

95
Q

New cultural identites (1)

A

Negritude

96
Q

Exclusionary reactions (3)

A

Xenophobia
Race riots
Citizenship restrictions

97
Q

How did communites of faith respond tot eh rapid changes in the 20th century? (2)

A

Developed new forms of spirituality

Chose to emphasize particular aspects of practice within existing faiths and apply them to politcal issues

98
Q

How did the global nature of culture affect sports?

A

Increased the practice of sports and reflected national and social aspirtations

99
Q

Global sports (3)

A

World Cup soccer
Olympics
Cricket

100
Q

What did changes in communication and transportaition technology anable?

A

Wide spread diffusion of music and film (reggae and Bollywood)

AP World (7 decks)

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